Employment and Unemployment Survey, EUS 2013
Jordan, 2013
Economic Research Forum, Department of Statistics
Identification
Survey ID Number
JOR_EUS_2013_HD_V1
Title
Employment and Unemployment Survey, EUS 2013
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Jordan | JOR |
Study type
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
Series Information
A quarterly survey collected by the Department of Statistics (DOS) of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Abstract
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS OF THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN
The Department of Statistics (DOS) carried out four rounds of the 2013 Employment and Unemployment Survey (EUS). The sampled households were selected using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling design. It is noteworthy that the sample represents the national level (Kingdom), governorates, the three Regions (Central, North and South), and the urban/rural areas.
The importance of this survey lies in that it provides a comprehensive data base on employment and unemployment that serves decision makers, researchers as well as other parties concerned with policies related to the organization of the Jordanian labor market.
It is worthy to mention that the DOS employed new technology in data collection and data processing. Data was collected using electronic questionnaire instead of a hard copy, namely a hand held device (PDA).
The survey main objectives are:
- To identify the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the population and manpower.
- To identify the occupational structure and economic activity of the employed persons, as well as their employment status.
- To identify the reasons behind the desire of the employed persons to search for a new or additional job.
- To measure the economic activity participation rates (the number of economically active population divided by the population of 15+ years old).
- To identify the different characteristics of the unemployed persons.
- To measure unemployment rates (the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of economically active population of 15+ years old) according to the various characteristics of the unemployed, and the changes that might take place in this regard.
- To identify the most important ways and means used by the unemployed persons to get a job, in addition to measuring durations of unemployment for such persons.
- To identify the changes overtime that might take place regarding the above-mentioned variables.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing labor force surveys in several Arab countries.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
1- Household/family.
2- Individual/person.
2- Individual/person.
Version
Version Description
V1.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
Production
Date
2015-02
Version Notes
All documentation available for the original survey provided by the Statistical Agency, and for the harmonized datasets produced by the Economic Research Forum, are published, along with a copy of all occupations and economic activities used during the harmonization process.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
Scope
Notes
Household: Includes geographical characteristics, household composition, LFS classification of household members, head's and spouse's characteristics, dwelling characteristics and ownership of durables.
Individual: Includes demographics, nationality and immigration, education, current labor status, main job, secondary job and last held job characteristics, wages and incomes, unemployment characteristics and inactivity reason(s).
Individual: Includes demographics, nationality and immigration, education, current labor status, main job, secondary job and last held job characteristics, wages and incomes, unemployment characteristics and inactivity reason(s).
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Demographics | ERF |
| Education | ERF |
| Nationality and immigration | ERF |
| Labor Force | ERF |
| Employment | ERF |
| Unemployment | ERF |
| Wages and incomes | ERF |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Covering a sample representative on the national level (Kingdom), governorates, the three Regions (Central, North and South), and the urban/rural areas.
Universe
The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | |
| Department of Statistics | The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS OF THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN
Survey Frame
========
The sample of this survey is based on the frame provided by the data of the Population and Housing Census, 2004. The Kingdom was divided into strata, where each city with a population of 100,000 persons or more was considered as a large city.
The total number of these cities is 6. Each governorate (except for the 6 large cities) was divided into rural and urban areas. The rest of the urban areas in each governorate was considered as an independent stratum. The same was applied to rural areas where it was considered as an independent stratum. The total number of strata was 30.
In view of the existing significant variation in the socio-economic characteristics in large cities in particular and in urban in general, each stratum of the large cities and urban strata was divided into four sub-stratum according to the socio- economic characteristics provided by the population and housing census with the purpose of providing homogeneous strata.
The frame excludes the population living in remote areas (most of whom are nomads), In addition to that, the frame does not include collective dwellings, such as hotels, hospitals, work camps, prisons and alike.
Sample Design
=========
The sample of this survey was designed using the cluster stratified sampling method. It is representative at the Kingdom, rural and urban areas, regions and governorates levels. The Primary Sampling Units (clusters) were distributed to governorates, urban and rural areas and large cities in each governorate according to the weight of persons/households and according to the variance within each stratum. Slight modifications regarding the number of these units were made. The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) were ordered within each stratum according to geographic characteristics and then according to socio-economic characteristics in order to ensure good spread of the sample. Then, the sample were selected on two stages. In the first stage, the PSUs were selected using the Probability Proportionate to Size with systematic selection procedure. The number of households, in each PSU served as its weight or size. In the second stage, the blocks of the PSUs which were selected in the first stage have been updated. Then a constant number of households was selected, using the random systematic sampling method as final PSUs from each PSU (cluster).
Sampling notes
=========
It is noteworthy that the sample of the present survey does not represent the non-Jordanian population, due to the fact that it is based on households living in conventional dwellings. In other words, it does not cover the collective households living in collective dwellings. Therefore, the non-Jordanian households covered in the present survey are either private households or collective households living in conventional dwellings. In Jordan, it is well known that a large number of non-Jordanian workers live as groups and spend most of their time at workplaces. Hence, it is more unlikely to find them at their residences during daytime (i.e. the time when the data of the survey is collected). Furthermore, most of them live in their workplaces, such as: workshops, sales stores, guard places, or under construction building's sites. Such places are not classified as occupied dwellings for household sampling purposes. Due to all of the above, the coverage of such population would not be complete in household surveys.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2013 | - |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Collection Notes
The Preparatory Stage
==============
This stage included a variety of overlapping operations to prepare the work plan and time-table, timely recruitment and training of the survey staff, and distribution of tasks and work areas. This stage also included the preparation of necessary concepts and definitions; finalization of survey documents such as the instruction manuals for data collection and other related forms; preparation of a system for manual data processing, including the editing, coding systems and manuals; preparation of electronic execution programs and loading the Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) with these programs and data cleaning programs from errors for producing tables, special monitors were designated for checking the data coming from the field. Data was gradually transferred from the PDA to the servers at the DOS main office.
Organization of Survey Staff
=================
The organization of the survey staff who participated in the administrative and field activities was as follows:
1) Survey Administration Staff:
It consisted of the Director General of Statistics, the National Director of the survey, the Director of the Household's Surveys Directorate as the Survey Executive Director and the Head of the Labor Force Survey division as a team leader of the survey, and professionals in technical, field and administrative subject.
2) Superintendent:
The superintendent is the person in charge of the administration and execution of fieldwork operations in terms of planning of major daily field operations according to the specific timetable of the survey. He is the liaison between fieldwork teams and the survey administration and provides it with progress reports. He is selected from the most qualified DOS staff with long experience in censuses and surveys field operations.
3) Inspectors:
Each inspector leads and administers a number of supervisors (i.e. team leaders) in terms of planning their daily and weekly work assignments in cooperation with the superintendent. In addition, he assigns daily work to the supervisors and provides them with necessary survey documents and other needs, such as questionnaires, progress forms, stationary, brief cases, … etc. He also provides the superintendent with office and field work progress reports. He should also perform final checking on a sample of questionnaires in the field as well as in the office. The inspector is the liaison between the field supervisors and the superintendent. Inspectors are selected from those with long field experience.
4) Supervisors:
Supervisors are the team leaders in charge of implementing the daily work assignments. Each supervisor leads a team of 3-4 interviewers. He is responsible for assigning daily work to each interviewer under his mandate. He accompanies his team at all times in the field, manages and checks their work, and solves any field problems or inconveniences. He also provides the inspector with daily progress reports. Supervisors are selected from those with long field experience.
5) Interviewers:
The major task of the interviewer is to visit the sampled households and fill in the required questionnaires. The interviewer reviews each questionnaire before leaving the household to make sure that he had covered all applicable questions. Interviewers are selected from among university graduates with relevant subject matter specializations.
6) Editors:
Editors are in charge of reviewing the questionnaires and detecting errors, if any, and returning erroneous ones to the field whenever possible. The editors communicate with the superintendent and the survey administration through supervisors and inspectors for technical consultations and to speed the work progress.
Selection and Training of Staff
==================
The supervisory and executive levels of the survey staff were selected according to their past experience in censuses and surveys, familiarity with geographic areas, and educational qualification. It is noteworthy that all survey staff were university graduates.
The survey administration designed a training plan for the different levels of survey staff before fielding the survey. A classroom-training program was held in the survey headquarters. The program focused on survey objectives, data collection procedures, confidentiality of data, and how to deal with households and overcome difficulties. The program also included a detailed explanation of the questionnaire inputs, concepts and instructions related to data collection and field editing. The staff was trained on supervisory tasks, organization of work, required specific tasks and assignments, sampling method and distribution of work over the Country. The numbering system used for the household national frame and how to locate sampled households were also explained. Then a special training course on how to use PDA for data collection and on how to handle the electronic questionnaire was conducted.
In addition to the above training, further classroom and field practices demonstrated how to fill in the questionnaire using the PDA. Errors emerged from these applications were detected and explained to the field staff. The training program lasted for 10 days.
An additional training program was designed for office processors (editors and coders) on editing rules and data consistency checks. The coders were also trained on coding rules and procedures. Also, computer specialists trained keyers on data entry and verification and selected office-processing staff on how to detect and correct error lists.
Data Collection Stage
=============
1) Organization of Field Work: The fieldwork was organized in a way that ensured complete control, accuracy and consistency of field logistics to obtain high quality data.
2) Method of Data Collection: The established mechanism and logistics of fieldwork can be described as follows:
The inspector delivers to the supervisors the work area under their mandate and other requirements, such as PDAs. The supervisor familiarizes himself with the work area using the prepared maps and sketches. The supervisor accompanies his team daily to the field and assigns the adjacent dwellings and sampled households to his team members in order to minimize distances and to maximize production of the interviewers. The supervisor should move continuously in the assigned area to oversee work progress, check questionnaires, attend actual interviews, and solve problems that emerge in the field.
3) Field Editing: Among the major tasks of the supervisor he has to organize and fill in daily and weekly work progress forms and deliver them to the inspector. The inspector, in turn, submits such forms to the superintendent, who delivers them to the survey executive director. The latter oversees, assesses and compares these forms against the work plan with the superintendent and makes the necessary modifications. The completed questionnaires are edited daily in the field for completeness and consistency to make sure that all sample households have been visited. Then the data transferred from the PDAs to the PCs in the regional offices in order to send the data electronically to the head office in Amman.
The field inspector is in charge of administering all field operations and supervisors in the area under his mandate, and monitors their work progress according to the work plan. He prepares daily progress reports and checks the quality of data by editing a sample of the completed questionnaires. The inspector also maintains communication with the survey administration, exchanges views or consultancies regarding work progress and field problems. It is noteworthy that the survey administration staff often visited the field staff at work areas in different governorates to oversee their performance and work progress as well as to help in solving any difficulties or problems.
==============
This stage included a variety of overlapping operations to prepare the work plan and time-table, timely recruitment and training of the survey staff, and distribution of tasks and work areas. This stage also included the preparation of necessary concepts and definitions; finalization of survey documents such as the instruction manuals for data collection and other related forms; preparation of a system for manual data processing, including the editing, coding systems and manuals; preparation of electronic execution programs and loading the Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) with these programs and data cleaning programs from errors for producing tables, special monitors were designated for checking the data coming from the field. Data was gradually transferred from the PDA to the servers at the DOS main office.
Organization of Survey Staff
=================
The organization of the survey staff who participated in the administrative and field activities was as follows:
1) Survey Administration Staff:
It consisted of the Director General of Statistics, the National Director of the survey, the Director of the Household's Surveys Directorate as the Survey Executive Director and the Head of the Labor Force Survey division as a team leader of the survey, and professionals in technical, field and administrative subject.
2) Superintendent:
The superintendent is the person in charge of the administration and execution of fieldwork operations in terms of planning of major daily field operations according to the specific timetable of the survey. He is the liaison between fieldwork teams and the survey administration and provides it with progress reports. He is selected from the most qualified DOS staff with long experience in censuses and surveys field operations.
3) Inspectors:
Each inspector leads and administers a number of supervisors (i.e. team leaders) in terms of planning their daily and weekly work assignments in cooperation with the superintendent. In addition, he assigns daily work to the supervisors and provides them with necessary survey documents and other needs, such as questionnaires, progress forms, stationary, brief cases, … etc. He also provides the superintendent with office and field work progress reports. He should also perform final checking on a sample of questionnaires in the field as well as in the office. The inspector is the liaison between the field supervisors and the superintendent. Inspectors are selected from those with long field experience.
4) Supervisors:
Supervisors are the team leaders in charge of implementing the daily work assignments. Each supervisor leads a team of 3-4 interviewers. He is responsible for assigning daily work to each interviewer under his mandate. He accompanies his team at all times in the field, manages and checks their work, and solves any field problems or inconveniences. He also provides the inspector with daily progress reports. Supervisors are selected from those with long field experience.
5) Interviewers:
The major task of the interviewer is to visit the sampled households and fill in the required questionnaires. The interviewer reviews each questionnaire before leaving the household to make sure that he had covered all applicable questions. Interviewers are selected from among university graduates with relevant subject matter specializations.
6) Editors:
Editors are in charge of reviewing the questionnaires and detecting errors, if any, and returning erroneous ones to the field whenever possible. The editors communicate with the superintendent and the survey administration through supervisors and inspectors for technical consultations and to speed the work progress.
Selection and Training of Staff
==================
The supervisory and executive levels of the survey staff were selected according to their past experience in censuses and surveys, familiarity with geographic areas, and educational qualification. It is noteworthy that all survey staff were university graduates.
The survey administration designed a training plan for the different levels of survey staff before fielding the survey. A classroom-training program was held in the survey headquarters. The program focused on survey objectives, data collection procedures, confidentiality of data, and how to deal with households and overcome difficulties. The program also included a detailed explanation of the questionnaire inputs, concepts and instructions related to data collection and field editing. The staff was trained on supervisory tasks, organization of work, required specific tasks and assignments, sampling method and distribution of work over the Country. The numbering system used for the household national frame and how to locate sampled households were also explained. Then a special training course on how to use PDA for data collection and on how to handle the electronic questionnaire was conducted.
In addition to the above training, further classroom and field practices demonstrated how to fill in the questionnaire using the PDA. Errors emerged from these applications were detected and explained to the field staff. The training program lasted for 10 days.
An additional training program was designed for office processors (editors and coders) on editing rules and data consistency checks. The coders were also trained on coding rules and procedures. Also, computer specialists trained keyers on data entry and verification and selected office-processing staff on how to detect and correct error lists.
Data Collection Stage
=============
1) Organization of Field Work: The fieldwork was organized in a way that ensured complete control, accuracy and consistency of field logistics to obtain high quality data.
2) Method of Data Collection: The established mechanism and logistics of fieldwork can be described as follows:
The inspector delivers to the supervisors the work area under their mandate and other requirements, such as PDAs. The supervisor familiarizes himself with the work area using the prepared maps and sketches. The supervisor accompanies his team daily to the field and assigns the adjacent dwellings and sampled households to his team members in order to minimize distances and to maximize production of the interviewers. The supervisor should move continuously in the assigned area to oversee work progress, check questionnaires, attend actual interviews, and solve problems that emerge in the field.
3) Field Editing: Among the major tasks of the supervisor he has to organize and fill in daily and weekly work progress forms and deliver them to the inspector. The inspector, in turn, submits such forms to the superintendent, who delivers them to the survey executive director. The latter oversees, assesses and compares these forms against the work plan with the superintendent and makes the necessary modifications. The completed questionnaires are edited daily in the field for completeness and consistency to make sure that all sample households have been visited. Then the data transferred from the PDAs to the PCs in the regional offices in order to send the data electronically to the head office in Amman.
The field inspector is in charge of administering all field operations and supervisors in the area under his mandate, and monitors their work progress according to the work plan. He prepares daily progress reports and checks the quality of data by editing a sample of the completed questionnaires. The inspector also maintains communication with the survey administration, exchanges views or consultancies regarding work progress and field problems. It is noteworthy that the survey administration staff often visited the field staff at work areas in different governorates to oversee their performance and work progress as well as to help in solving any difficulties or problems.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Directorate of Field Work | DOFW | Department of Statistics of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire was designed electronically on the PDA and revised by the DOS technical staff. It was finalized upon completion of the training program. The questionnaire is divided into main topics, each containing a clear and consistent group of questions, and designed in a way that facilitates the electronic data entry and verification. The questionnaire includes the characteristics of household members in addition to the identification information, which reflects the administrative as well as the statistical divisions of the Kingdom.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Raw Data
=======
1) Office Processing: All completed and field-edited questionnaires were batched and sent to the survey head office where they were further edited electronically. The editing process focused on the completeness and consistency of data in the questionnaires in order to minimize errors before starting the final electronic data processing stage. The editing processes overlapped the fieldwork.
A special team of data processors performed the specialized coding and the final revision of the already edited and coded questionnaires. This process was under the direct supervision of the survey administration staff in order to minimize errors before starting electronic data processing activities.
2) Electronic Processing:
This stage started when the staff in charge of electronic processing performed data entry of data collected, using the PDAs. It was focused on the completeness of data and whether the coded values lay within the valid range. Consistency check-ups rules were directly implemented during electronic data collection to ensure that data was consistent with each other.
Following the completion of an error-free data file, frequency tables were produced and checked by subject-matter staff for completeness, range and consistency. Then, some direct rules were applied to certain questions and were checked against the questionnaire till they were finally authorized. The findings were then tabulated using the already prepared dummy tables. Finally, the tabulations were checked for both internal and external consistencies.
3) Tabulation and Dissemination of Results:
The plan of the tabulation of survey results was guided by former Employment and Unemployment Surveys which were previously prepared and tested.
When all data processing procedures were completed, the actual survey results were tabulated using an ORACLE package. The tabulations were then thoroughly checked for consistency of data such as titles, inputs, concepts, as well as the figures.
The final survey report was then prepared to include all detailed tabulations as well as the methodology of the survey.
Harmonized Data
============
- STATA package is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with a cleaning process for all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- All cleaned data files are then merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in STATA and then converted to SPSS, to be disseminated.
=======
1) Office Processing: All completed and field-edited questionnaires were batched and sent to the survey head office where they were further edited electronically. The editing process focused on the completeness and consistency of data in the questionnaires in order to minimize errors before starting the final electronic data processing stage. The editing processes overlapped the fieldwork.
A special team of data processors performed the specialized coding and the final revision of the already edited and coded questionnaires. This process was under the direct supervision of the survey administration staff in order to minimize errors before starting electronic data processing activities.
2) Electronic Processing:
This stage started when the staff in charge of electronic processing performed data entry of data collected, using the PDAs. It was focused on the completeness of data and whether the coded values lay within the valid range. Consistency check-ups rules were directly implemented during electronic data collection to ensure that data was consistent with each other.
Following the completion of an error-free data file, frequency tables were produced and checked by subject-matter staff for completeness, range and consistency. Then, some direct rules were applied to certain questions and were checked against the questionnaire till they were finally authorized. The findings were then tabulated using the already prepared dummy tables. Finally, the tabulations were checked for both internal and external consistencies.
3) Tabulation and Dissemination of Results:
The plan of the tabulation of survey results was guided by former Employment and Unemployment Surveys which were previously prepared and tested.
When all data processing procedures were completed, the actual survey results were tabulated using an ORACLE package. The tabulations were then thoroughly checked for consistency of data such as titles, inputs, concepts, as well as the figures.
The final survey report was then prepared to include all detailed tabulations as well as the methodology of the survey.
Harmonized Data
============
- STATA package is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with a cleaning process for all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- All cleaned data files are then merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in STATA and then converted to SPSS, to be disseminated.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | Economic Research Forum (ERF) | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement.
The data will be used only for scholarly research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and the Department of Statistics of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan as follows:
OAMDI, 2015. Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS), http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/. Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; EUS 2013 - Department of Statistics (DOS), The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
OAMDI, 2015. Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS), http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/. Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; EUS 2013 - Department of Statistics (DOS), The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum and the Department of Statistics in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2015, Economic Research Forum | (c) 2013, Department of Statistics, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
JOR_EUS_2013_HD_V1
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | Cleaning and harmonizing raw data received from the Statistical Agency |
Date of Metadata Production
2015-02
DDI Document version
Version 1