Expenditure and Consumption Survey, PECS 2011
Palestine, 2011 - 2012
Economic Research Forum, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Identification
Survey ID Number
PAL_PECS_2011_HD_V2.0
Title
Expenditure and Consumption Survey, PECS 2011
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Palestine | PAL |
Study type
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series Information
Expenditure and Consumption Survey, Round 12 is the twelveth round of PECS surveys.
Previously, The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) conducted a household expenditure and consumption survey for the first time between 1/10/1995 and 30/9/1996 (PECS 1995/1996).
PCBS then conducted a series of surveys on the following dates:
- A second survey (PECS 1997) between 1/1/1997 and 31/1/1997.
- A third survey (PECS 1998) between 1/1/1998 and 31/1/1998.
- A fourth survey (PECS 2001) between 15/3/2001 and 14/3/2002.
- A fifth survey (PECS 2004) between 15/1/2004 and 14/1/2005.
- A sixth survey (PECS 2005) between 15/1/2005 and 14/1/2006.
- A seventh survey (PECS 2006) between 15/1/2006 and 14/1/2007.
- An eighth survey (PECS 2007) between 15/1/2007 and 14/1/2008.
- A ninth survey (PECS 2008) between 15/1/2008 and 14/1/2009.
- A tenth survey (PECS 2009) between 15/1/2009 and 14/1/2010.
- An eleventh survey (PECS 2010) between 15/1/2010 and 14/1/2011.
- And a twelveth survey (PECS 2011) between 15/1/2011 and 14/1/2012.
The findings of these surveys constituted a solid database and enabled PCBS to publish detailed statistics on expenditure and consumption.
Previously, The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) conducted a household expenditure and consumption survey for the first time between 1/10/1995 and 30/9/1996 (PECS 1995/1996).
PCBS then conducted a series of surveys on the following dates:
- A second survey (PECS 1997) between 1/1/1997 and 31/1/1997.
- A third survey (PECS 1998) between 1/1/1998 and 31/1/1998.
- A fourth survey (PECS 2001) between 15/3/2001 and 14/3/2002.
- A fifth survey (PECS 2004) between 15/1/2004 and 14/1/2005.
- A sixth survey (PECS 2005) between 15/1/2005 and 14/1/2006.
- A seventh survey (PECS 2006) between 15/1/2006 and 14/1/2007.
- An eighth survey (PECS 2007) between 15/1/2007 and 14/1/2008.
- A ninth survey (PECS 2008) between 15/1/2008 and 14/1/2009.
- A tenth survey (PECS 2009) between 15/1/2009 and 14/1/2010.
- An eleventh survey (PECS 2010) between 15/1/2010 and 14/1/2011.
- And a twelveth survey (PECS 2011) between 15/1/2011 and 14/1/2012.
The findings of these surveys constituted a solid database and enabled PCBS to publish detailed statistics on expenditure and consumption.
Abstract
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS
The basic goal of the Household and Consumption Survey is to provide a necessary database for formulating national policies at various levels. This survey provides the contribution of the household sector to the Gross National Product (GNP). It determines the incidence of poverty, and provides weighted data which reflects the relative importance of the consumption items to be employed in determining the benchmark for rates and prices of items and services.
Furthermore, this survey is a fundamental cornerstone in the process of studying the nutritional status in the Palestinian territory.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
1- Household/family.
2- Individual/person.
2- Individual/person.
Version
Version Description
V1.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
V2.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, including all variables in V1.0 in addition to a number of new/detailed-composite coded version of the variables considered essential on the household as well as the individual level, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
V2.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, including all variables in V1.0 in addition to a number of new/detailed-composite coded version of the variables considered essential on the household as well as the individual level, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
Production
Date
2014-01
Version Notes
All documentation available for the original survey provided by the Statistical Agency, and for the harmonized datasets produced by the Economic Research Forum, has been published, along with a copy of all international classifications of expenditures, occupations and economic activities used during the harmonization process.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
Scope
Notes
Household: Includes geographic, social, and economic characteristics of households, namely, household composition, dwelling characteristics, ownership of assets indicators, heads' and spouses' characteristics, annual household expenditure and income.
Individual: Includes demographic, migration, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners. Moreover, fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Individual: Includes demographic, migration, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners. Moreover, fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Poverty | ERF |
| Expenditure | ERF |
| Income | ERF |
| Infrastructure | ERF |
| Education | ERF |
| Labor | ERF |
| Health | ERF |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The Data are representative at region level (West Bank, Gaza Strip), locality type (urban, rural, camp) and governorates.
Universe
All Palestinian households who are usually resident in the Palestinian Territory during 2011.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | |
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | Palestinian National Authority |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| The Palestinian National Authority | PNA | Financial assistance |
| The Core Funding Group | CFG | Financial assistance |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | SDC | Financial assistance |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name |
|---|
| The Core Funding Group represented by the representative office |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS
Sample and Frame:
The sampling frame consists of all enumeration areas which were enumerated in 2007, each
numeration area consists of buildings and housing units with average of about 120 households in it. These enumeration areas are used as primary sampling units PSUs in the first stage of the sampling selection.
Sample Size:
The calculated sample size for the Expenditure and Consumption survey 2011 is about 4,317 households, 2,834 households in West Bank and 1,483 households in Gaza Strip.
Sample Design:
The sample is a stratified cluster systematic random sample with two stages:
First stage: selection of a systematic random sample of 215 enumeration areas.
Second stage: selection of a systematic random sample of 24 households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.
Note: in Jerusalem Governorate (J1), 14 enumeration areas were selected. In the second stage, a group of households from each enumeration area were chosen using the 2007 census method of delineation and enumeration to obtain 24 responsive households. This ensures household response is the maximum to comply with the percentage of non-response as set in the sample design.
Enumeration areas were distributed to twelve months and the sample for each quarter covers sample strata (Governorate, locality type)
Sample strata:
The population was divided by:
1- Governorate
2- Type of Locality (urban, rural, refugee camps)
Response Rate
The survey sample consisted of 5,272 households, weights were modified to account for the non-response rate. The response rate was 88%.
Total sample size = 5,272 Households
Household completed = 4317 Households
Traveling households = 66 Households
Unit does not exist = 48 Households
No one at home = 135 Households
Refused to cooperate = 347 Households
Vacant housing unit = 222 Households
No available information = 6 Households
Other= 30 Households
Response and non-response rates formulas:
Percentage of over-coverage errors = Total cases of over-coverage*100% Number of cases in original sample = 5%
Non-response rate = Total cases of non-response*100% Net sample size = 12%
Net sample = Original sample - cases of over-coverage
Response rate = 100% - non-response rate= 88%
Total sample size = 5,272 Households
Household completed = 4317 Households
Traveling households = 66 Households
Unit does not exist = 48 Households
No one at home = 135 Households
Refused to cooperate = 347 Households
Vacant housing unit = 222 Households
No available information = 6 Households
Other= 30 Households
Response and non-response rates formulas:
Percentage of over-coverage errors = Total cases of over-coverage*100% Number of cases in original sample = 5%
Non-response rate = Total cases of non-response*100% Net sample size = 12%
Net sample = Original sample - cases of over-coverage
Response rate = 100% - non-response rate= 88%
Weighting
The weight of statistical units (sampling unit) in the sample is defined as the mathematical reciprocal of the probability to select the unit. The sample of the survey is stratified cluster systematic random one with two stages. Thus, a weight is calculated for each stage and the Households Weights is the multiplication of the two weights.
First stage weight:
The sample of enumeration areas is selected and the weight is called enumeration areas weight (the sampling unit is enumeration areas).
The weight for enumeration areas from stratum h by the design of sample is calculated by dividing the # of enumeration areas in stratum h on the sample size of enumeration areas in stratum h.
Second stage weight:
The sample of households is selected and the weight is called household weight (the sampling unit is household).
Household weight is calculated from stratum k by dividing number of households in each stratum with the sample size of households within the stratum k. The primary weight of households before modification is the multiplication of the weights of the first and second stages.
Then we adjust the weights for households to compensate for the non response of households by calculate the factor of weights adjustment by dividing the sample size of household from stratum h on the # of the respondent households from stratum h.
Then the final weight for the households is a multiplications of the factor of the weights adjustment by the primary weights for the household.
First stage weight:
The sample of enumeration areas is selected and the weight is called enumeration areas weight (the sampling unit is enumeration areas).
The weight for enumeration areas from stratum h by the design of sample is calculated by dividing the # of enumeration areas in stratum h on the sample size of enumeration areas in stratum h.
Second stage weight:
The sample of households is selected and the weight is called household weight (the sampling unit is household).
Household weight is calculated from stratum k by dividing number of households in each stratum with the sample size of households within the stratum k. The primary weight of households before modification is the multiplication of the weights of the first and second stages.
Then we adjust the weights for households to compensate for the non response of households by calculate the factor of weights adjustment by dividing the sample size of household from stratum h on the # of the respondent households from stratum h.
Then the final weight for the households is a multiplications of the factor of the weights adjustment by the primary weights for the household.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2011-01-15 | 2012-01-14 | Annual |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Field Operations:
Four teams of female interviewers, three in the West Bank and one in the Gaza Strip carried out data collection. Each team consisted of a supervisor, and 10-20 female interviewers.
All field staff received a training session combining general theoretical and practical components. Interviewers, supervisors and editors for the survey were selected from those who worked on the previous rounds of PECS Surveys. Fieldwork procedures and organization were designed to ensure adequate supervision and the collection of high quality data. To this end, several quality control measures were used throughout fieldwork. An interviewer undertook between 120 and 150 household visits in a month. The households were asked to keep daily records in a diary during their recording month. The interviewer transferred the records in a questionnaire on a weekly basis. Data on durable goods were captured by the recall method for the last 12 months (rounds), in order to avoid large variance in estimates when the one-month approach is used.
Four teams of female interviewers, three in the West Bank and one in the Gaza Strip carried out data collection. Each team consisted of a supervisor, and 10-20 female interviewers.
All field staff received a training session combining general theoretical and practical components. Interviewers, supervisors and editors for the survey were selected from those who worked on the previous rounds of PECS Surveys. Fieldwork procedures and organization were designed to ensure adequate supervision and the collection of high quality data. To this end, several quality control measures were used throughout fieldwork. An interviewer undertook between 120 and 150 household visits in a month. The households were asked to keep daily records in a diary during their recording month. The interviewer transferred the records in a questionnaire on a weekly basis. Data on durable goods were captured by the recall method for the last 12 months (rounds), in order to avoid large variance in estimates when the one-month approach is used.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | PCBS | Palestinian National Authority |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The PECS questionnaire consists of two main sections:
First: Survey's Questionnaire
Part of the questionnaire is to be filled in during the visit at the beginning of the month, while the other part is to be filled in at the end of the month. The questionnaire includes:
Control Sheet: Includes household's identification data, date of visit, data on the fieldwork and data processing team, and summary of household's members by gender.
Household Roster: Includes demographic, social, and economic characteristics of household's members.
Housing Characteristics: Includes data like type of housing unit, number of rooms, value of rent, and connection of housing unit to basic services like water, electricity and sewage. In addition, data in this section includes source of energy used for cooking and heating, distance of housing unit from transportation, education, and health centers, and sources of income generation like ownership of farm land or animals.
Food and Non-Food Items: includes food and non-food items, and household record her expenditure for one month.
Durable Goods Schedule: Includes list of main goods like washing machine, refrigerator, TV.
Assistances and Poverty: Includes data about cash and in kind assistances (assistance value, assistance source), also collecting data about household situation, and the procedures to cover expenses.
Monthly and Annual Income: Data pertinent to household's income from different sources is collected at the end of the registration period.
Second: List of Goods
The classification of the list of goods is based on the recommendation of the United Nations for the SNA under the name Classification of Personal Consumption by purpose. The list includes 55 groups of expenditure and consumption where each is given a sequence number based on its importance to the household starting with food goods, clothing groups, housing, medical treatment, transportation and communication, and lastly durable goods. Each group consists of important goods. The total number of goods in all groups amounted to 667 items for goods and services. Groups from 1-21 includes goods pertinent to food, drinks and cigarettes. Group 22 includes goods that are home produced and consumed by the household. The groups 23-45 include all items except food, drinks and cigarettes. The groups 50-55 include durable goods. The data is collected based on different reference periods to represent expenditure during the whole year except for cars where data is collected for the last three years.
Registration Form
The registration form includes instructions and examples on how to record consumption and expenditure items. The form includes columns:
* Monetary: If the good is purchased, or in kind: if the item is self produced.
* Title of the service of the good
* Unit of measurement (kilogram, liter, number)
* Quantity
* Value
The pages of the registration form are colored differently for the weeks of the month. The footer for each page includes remarks that encourage households to participate in the survey. The following are instructions that illustrate the nature of the items that should be recorded:
* Monetary expenditures during purchases
* Purchases based on debts
* Monetary gifts once presented
* Interest at pay
* Self produced food and goods once consumed
* Food and merchandise from commercial project once consumed
* Merchandises once received as a wage or part of a wage from the employer.
First: Survey's Questionnaire
Part of the questionnaire is to be filled in during the visit at the beginning of the month, while the other part is to be filled in at the end of the month. The questionnaire includes:
Control Sheet: Includes household's identification data, date of visit, data on the fieldwork and data processing team, and summary of household's members by gender.
Household Roster: Includes demographic, social, and economic characteristics of household's members.
Housing Characteristics: Includes data like type of housing unit, number of rooms, value of rent, and connection of housing unit to basic services like water, electricity and sewage. In addition, data in this section includes source of energy used for cooking and heating, distance of housing unit from transportation, education, and health centers, and sources of income generation like ownership of farm land or animals.
Food and Non-Food Items: includes food and non-food items, and household record her expenditure for one month.
Durable Goods Schedule: Includes list of main goods like washing machine, refrigerator, TV.
Assistances and Poverty: Includes data about cash and in kind assistances (assistance value, assistance source), also collecting data about household situation, and the procedures to cover expenses.
Monthly and Annual Income: Data pertinent to household's income from different sources is collected at the end of the registration period.
Second: List of Goods
The classification of the list of goods is based on the recommendation of the United Nations for the SNA under the name Classification of Personal Consumption by purpose. The list includes 55 groups of expenditure and consumption where each is given a sequence number based on its importance to the household starting with food goods, clothing groups, housing, medical treatment, transportation and communication, and lastly durable goods. Each group consists of important goods. The total number of goods in all groups amounted to 667 items for goods and services. Groups from 1-21 includes goods pertinent to food, drinks and cigarettes. Group 22 includes goods that are home produced and consumed by the household. The groups 23-45 include all items except food, drinks and cigarettes. The groups 50-55 include durable goods. The data is collected based on different reference periods to represent expenditure during the whole year except for cars where data is collected for the last three years.
Registration Form
The registration form includes instructions and examples on how to record consumption and expenditure items. The form includes columns:
* Monetary: If the good is purchased, or in kind: if the item is self produced.
* Title of the service of the good
* Unit of measurement (kilogram, liter, number)
* Quantity
* Value
The pages of the registration form are colored differently for the weeks of the month. The footer for each page includes remarks that encourage households to participate in the survey. The following are instructions that illustrate the nature of the items that should be recorded:
* Monetary expenditures during purchases
* Purchases based on debts
* Monetary gifts once presented
* Interest at pay
* Self produced food and goods once consumed
* Food and merchandise from commercial project once consumed
* Merchandises once received as a wage or part of a wage from the employer.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Raw Data
=======
Data editing took place through a number of stages, including:
1. Office editing and coding
2. Data entry
3. Structure checking and completeness
4. Structural checking of SPSS data files
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
=======
Data editing took place through a number of stages, including:
1. Office editing and coding
2. Data entry
3. Structure checking and completeness
4. Structural checking of SPSS data files
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
Other Processing
Raw Data
==========
Both data entry and tabulation were performed using the Oracle and SPSS software programs. Data entry was organized in 9 files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, range checks, consisting checks and cross- validation. Complete manual inspection of results after data entry was performed, and questionnaires containing field-related errors were sent back to the field for corrections.
==========
Both data entry and tabulation were performed using the Oracle and SPSS software programs. Data entry was organized in 9 files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, range checks, consisting checks and cross- validation. Complete manual inspection of results after data entry was performed, and questionnaires containing field-related errors were sent back to the field for corrections.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The impact of errors on data quality was reduced to a minimum due to the high efficiency and
outstanding selection, training, and performance of the fieldworkers.
Procedures adopted during the fieldwork of the survey were considered a necessity to ensure the collection of accurate data, notably:
1- Develop schedules to conduct field visits to households during survey fieldwork. The objectives of the visits and the data collected on each visit were
predetermined.
2- Fieldwork editing rules were applied during the data collection to ensure corrections were implemented before the end of fieldwork activities
3- Fieldworkers were instructed to provide details in cases of extreme expenditure or consumption by the household.
4- Questions on income were postponed until the final visit at the end of the month
5- Validation rules were embedded in the data processing systems, along with procedures to verify data entry and data edit.
outstanding selection, training, and performance of the fieldworkers.
Procedures adopted during the fieldwork of the survey were considered a necessity to ensure the collection of accurate data, notably:
1- Develop schedules to conduct field visits to households during survey fieldwork. The objectives of the visits and the data collected on each visit were
predetermined.
2- Fieldwork editing rules were applied during the data collection to ensure corrections were implemented before the end of fieldwork activities
3- Fieldworkers were instructed to provide details in cases of extreme expenditure or consumption by the household.
4- Questions on income were postponed until the final visit at the end of the month
5- Validation rules were embedded in the data processing systems, along with procedures to verify data entry and data edit.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | (ERF) | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement.
The data will be used only for scholarly research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics as follows::
OAMDI, 2014. Harmonized Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HHIES), http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erfdataportal. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; PECS 2011 - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
OAMDI, 2014. Harmonized Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HHIES), http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erfdataportal. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; PECS 2011 - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2014, Economic Research Forum | (c) 2011, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
PAL_PECS_2011_HD_V2.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | Cleaning and harmonizing raw data received from the Statistical Agency |
Date of Metadata Production
2014-01
DDI Document version
Version 2.0