Expenditure and Consumption Survey, PECS 2004
Palestine, 2004 - 2005
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Reference ID
PAL_PECS_2004_HD_V2.0
Producer(s)
Economic Research Forum, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Created on
Feb 19, 2014
Last modified
Aug 14, 2022
Page views
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Identification
Survey ID
PAL_PECS_2004_HD_V2.0
Title
Expenditure and Consumption Survey, PECS 2004
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Palestine | PAL |
Study type
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series information
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) conducted a household expenditure and consumption survey for the first time between 1/10/1995 and 30/9/1996.
PCBS then conducted a series of surveys on the following dates:
- A second survey (PECS 1997) between 1/1/1997 and 31/1/1997.
- A third survey (PECS 1998) between 1/1/1998 and 31/1/1998.
- A fourth survey (PECS 2001) between 15/3/2001 and 14/3/2002.
- And a fifth survey (PECS 2004) between 15/1/2004 and 14/1/2005.
The findings of these surveys constituted a solid database and enabled PCBS to publish detailed statistics on expenditure and consumption for the first time.
PCBS then conducted a series of surveys on the following dates:
- A second survey (PECS 1997) between 1/1/1997 and 31/1/1997.
- A third survey (PECS 1998) between 1/1/1998 and 31/1/1998.
- A fourth survey (PECS 2001) between 15/3/2001 and 14/3/2002.
- And a fifth survey (PECS 2004) between 15/1/2004 and 14/1/2005.
The findings of these surveys constituted a solid database and enabled PCBS to publish detailed statistics on expenditure and consumption for the first time.
Abstract
<p style="border:solid thin black;"> THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS
</p>
The basic goal of the Household and Consumption Survey is to provide a necessary database for formulating national policies at various levels. This survey provides the contribution of the household sector to the Gross National Product (GNP). It determines the incidence of poverty, and provides weighted data which reflects the relative importance of the consumption items to be employed in determining the benchmark for rates and prices of items and services.
Furthermore, this survey is a fundamental cornerstone in the process of studying the nutritional status in the Palestinian territory.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.
</p>
The basic goal of the Household and Consumption Survey is to provide a necessary database for formulating national policies at various levels. This survey provides the contribution of the household sector to the Gross National Product (GNP). It determines the incidence of poverty, and provides weighted data which reflects the relative importance of the consumption items to be employed in determining the benchmark for rates and prices of items and services.
Furthermore, this survey is a fundamental cornerstone in the process of studying the nutritional status in the Palestinian territory.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.
Kind of data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of analysis
1- Household/family.
2- Individual/person.
2- Individual/person.
Version
Version
V1.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
V2.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, including all variables in V1.0 in addition to a number of new/detailed-composite coded version of the variables considered essential on the household as well as the individual level, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
V2.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, including all variables in V1.0 in addition to a number of new/detailed-composite coded version of the variables considered essential on the household as well as the individual level, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
Version date
2014-01
Version notes
All documentation available for the original survey provided by the Statistical Agency, and for the harmonized datasets produced by the Economic Research Forum, has been published, along with a copy of all international classifications of expenditures, occupations and economic activities used during the harmonization process.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
Scope
Notes
Household: Includes geographic, social, and economic characteristics of households, namely, household composition, dwelling characteristics, ownership of assets indicators, heads' and spouses' characteristics, annual household expenditure and income.
Individual: Includes demographic, migration, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners. Moreover, fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Individual: Includes demographic, migration, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners. Moreover, fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Poverty | ERF |
| Expenditure | ERF |
| Income | ERF |
| Infrastructure | ERF |
| Education | ERF |
| Labor | ERF |
| Health | ERF |
Coverage
Geographic coverage
The survey data covers urban, rural and camp areas in West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Universe
The survey covered all the Palestinian households who are a usual residence in the Palestinian Territory.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | |
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | Palestinian National Authority |
Sampling
Sampling procedure
<p style="border:solid thin black;"> THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS
</p>
Sample and Frame:
============
The sampling frame consists of all enumeration areas which were enumerated in 1997; the enumeration area consists of buildings and housing units and is composed of an average of 120 households. The enumeration areas were used as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) in the first stage of the sampling selection. The enumeration areas of the master sample were updated in 2003.
Sample Design:
==========
The sample is a stratified cluster systematic random sample with two stages:
First stage: selection of a systematic random sample of 299 enumeration areas.
Second stage: selection of a systematic random sample of 12-18 households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.
A person (18 years and more) was selected from each household in the second stage.
Sample strata:
=========
The population was divided by:
1- Governorate
2- Type of Locality (urban, rural, refugee camps)
Sample Size:
========
The calculated sample size is 3,781 households.
Target cluster size:
============
The target cluster size or "sample-take" is the average number of households to be selected per PSU. In this survey, the sample take is around 12 households.
Detailed information/formulas on the sampling design are available in the user manual.
</p>
Sample and Frame:
============
The sampling frame consists of all enumeration areas which were enumerated in 1997; the enumeration area consists of buildings and housing units and is composed of an average of 120 households. The enumeration areas were used as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) in the first stage of the sampling selection. The enumeration areas of the master sample were updated in 2003.
Sample Design:
==========
The sample is a stratified cluster systematic random sample with two stages:
First stage: selection of a systematic random sample of 299 enumeration areas.
Second stage: selection of a systematic random sample of 12-18 households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.
A person (18 years and more) was selected from each household in the second stage.
Sample strata:
=========
The population was divided by:
1- Governorate
2- Type of Locality (urban, rural, refugee camps)
Sample Size:
========
The calculated sample size is 3,781 households.
Target cluster size:
============
The target cluster size or "sample-take" is the average number of households to be selected per PSU. In this survey, the sample take is around 12 households.
Detailed information/formulas on the sampling design are available in the user manual.
Response rates
The survey sample consists of about 3,781 households interviewed over a twelve-month period between January 2004 and January 2005. There were 3,098 households that completed the interview, of which 2,060 were in the West Bank and 1,038 households were in GazaStrip. The response rate was 82% in the Palestinian Territory.
Weighting
Weights have been calculated for each sampling units. Weights reflect the sampling procedures. Adjusted weight is important to reduce bias resulting from non-responses.
Survey instrument
Questionnaires
The PECS questionnaire consists of two main sections:
First section: Certain articles / provisions of the form filled at the beginning of the month,and the remainder filled out at the end of the month. The questionnaire includes the following provisions:
Cover sheet: It contains detailed and particulars of the family, date of visit, particular of the field/office work team, number/sex of the family members.
Statement of the family members: Contains social, economic and demographic particulars of the selected family.
Statement of the long-lasting commodities and income generation activities: Includes a number of basic and indispensable items (i.e, Livestock, or agricultural lands).
Housing Characteristics: Includes information and data pertaining to the housing conditions, including type of shelter, number of rooms, ownership, rent, water, electricity supply, connection to the sewer system, source of cooking and heating fuel, and remoteness/proximity of the house to education and health facilities.
Monthly and Annual Income: Data pertaining to the income of the family is collected from different sources at the end of the registration / recording period.
Second section: The second section of the questionnaire includes a list of 54 consumption and expenditure groups itemized and serially numbered according to its importance to the family. Each of these groups contains important commodities. The number of commodities items in each for all groups stood at 667 commodities and services items. Groups 1-21 include food, drink, and cigarettes. Group 22 includes homemade commodities. Groups 23-45 include all items except for food, drink and cigarettes. Groups 50-54 include all of the long-lasting commodities. Data on each of these groups was collected over different intervals of time so as to reflect expenditure over a period of one full year.
First section: Certain articles / provisions of the form filled at the beginning of the month,and the remainder filled out at the end of the month. The questionnaire includes the following provisions:
Cover sheet: It contains detailed and particulars of the family, date of visit, particular of the field/office work team, number/sex of the family members.
Statement of the family members: Contains social, economic and demographic particulars of the selected family.
Statement of the long-lasting commodities and income generation activities: Includes a number of basic and indispensable items (i.e, Livestock, or agricultural lands).
Housing Characteristics: Includes information and data pertaining to the housing conditions, including type of shelter, number of rooms, ownership, rent, water, electricity supply, connection to the sewer system, source of cooking and heating fuel, and remoteness/proximity of the house to education and health facilities.
Monthly and Annual Income: Data pertaining to the income of the family is collected from different sources at the end of the registration / recording period.
Second section: The second section of the questionnaire includes a list of 54 consumption and expenditure groups itemized and serially numbered according to its importance to the family. Each of these groups contains important commodities. The number of commodities items in each for all groups stood at 667 commodities and services items. Groups 1-21 include food, drink, and cigarettes. Group 22 includes homemade commodities. Groups 23-45 include all items except for food, drink and cigarettes. Groups 50-54 include all of the long-lasting commodities. Data on each of these groups was collected over different intervals of time so as to reflect expenditure over a period of one full year.
Data collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2004-01-15 | 2005-01-14 | Annual |
Data Collectors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | Palestinian National Authority |
Notes on data collection
Four teams of female interviewers, three in the West Bank and one in the Gaza Strip, carried out data collection. Each team consisted of a supervisor, a field editor, and 7-9 interviewers.
Fieldwork teams were distributed to different districts according to sample allocation. All field staff received a training session combining general theoretical and practical components. Interviewers, supervisors and editors for the survey were selected from among those who had worked on the previous rounds of PECS Surveys.
Fieldwork procedures and organization were designed to ensure adequate supervision and the collection of high quality data. To this end, several quality control measures were used throughout the fieldwork.
An interviewer undertook between 120 and 150 household visits in a month. The households were asked to keep daily records in a diary during their recording month. The interviewer transferred the records in a questionnaire on a weekly basis. Data on durable goods were captured by the recall method for the last 12 months (rounds), in order to avoid a large variance in estimates when the one-month approach is used.
Fieldwork teams were distributed to different districts according to sample allocation. All field staff received a training session combining general theoretical and practical components. Interviewers, supervisors and editors for the survey were selected from among those who had worked on the previous rounds of PECS Surveys.
Fieldwork procedures and organization were designed to ensure adequate supervision and the collection of high quality data. To this end, several quality control measures were used throughout the fieldwork.
An interviewer undertook between 120 and 150 household visits in a month. The households were asked to keep daily records in a diary during their recording month. The interviewer transferred the records in a questionnaire on a weekly basis. Data on durable goods were captured by the recall method for the last 12 months (rounds), in order to avoid a large variance in estimates when the one-month approach is used.
Data processing
Cleaning operations
Raw Data
=======
Both data entry and tabulation were performed using the ACCESS and SPSS software programs. The data entry process was organized in 6 files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, range checks, consistency checks and cross-validation. Complete manual inspection was made of results after data entry was performed, and questionnaires containing field-related errors were sent back to the field for corrections.
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
=======
Both data entry and tabulation were performed using the ACCESS and SPSS software programs. The data entry process was organized in 6 files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, range checks, consistency checks and cross-validation. Complete manual inspection was made of results after data entry was performed, and questionnaires containing field-related errors were sent back to the field for corrections.
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
Data appraisal
Estimates of sampling errors
The calculations of standard errors for the main survey estimations enable the user to identify the accuracy of estimations and the survey reliability.
Total errors of the survey can be divided into two kinds: statistical errors, and non-statistical errors.
Non-statistical errors are related to the procedures of statistical work at different stages, such as the failure to explain questions in the questionnaire, unwillingness or inability to provide correct responses, bad statistical coverage, etc. These errors depend on the nature of the work, training, supervision, and conducting all various related activities. The work team spared no effort at different stages to minimize non-statistical errors; however, it is difficult to estimate numerically such errors due to absence of technical computation methods based on theoretical principles to tackle them.
On the other hand, statistical errors can be measured. Frequently they are measured by the standard error, which is the positive square root of the variance. The variance of this survey has been computed by using the “programming package” CENVAR.
Total errors of the survey can be divided into two kinds: statistical errors, and non-statistical errors.
Non-statistical errors are related to the procedures of statistical work at different stages, such as the failure to explain questions in the questionnaire, unwillingness or inability to provide correct responses, bad statistical coverage, etc. These errors depend on the nature of the work, training, supervision, and conducting all various related activities. The work team spared no effort at different stages to minimize non-statistical errors; however, it is difficult to estimate numerically such errors due to absence of technical computation methods based on theoretical principles to tackle them.
On the other hand, statistical errors can be measured. Frequently they are measured by the standard error, which is the positive square root of the variance. The variance of this survey has been computed by using the “programming package” CENVAR.
Data Access
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | (ERF) | www.erf.org.eg | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes |
To access the micro data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement. The data will be used only for scholarly research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures. |
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirement
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics as follows:
OAMDI, 2014. Harmonized Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HHIES), http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erfdataportal. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; PECS 2004 - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
OAMDI, 2014. Harmonized Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HHIES), http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erfdataportal. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; PECS 2004 - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2014, Economic Research Forum | (c) 2004, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Contacts
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Metadata production
Document ID
PAL_PECS_2004_HD_V2.0
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | Cleaning and harmonizing raw data received from the Statistical Agency |
Date of metadata production
2014-01
Metadata version
Version
Version 2.0