Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption Survey, HIECS 2010/2011
Egypt, 2010 - 2011
Economic Research Forum, Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics
Identification
Survey ID Number
EGY_HIECS_2010_HD_V2.0
Title
Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption Survey, HIECS 2010/2011
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Egypt | EGY |
Study type
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series Information
The first survey of income and expenditure, planned to be a pilot one, was undertaken in 1955. It was planned and carried out by the Committee of Statistic in three villages of Giza governorate on a sample of 750 households where the total sampling frame in this area was 4000 households.
In 1958/59, the first national survey was conducted in all governorates of Egypt on a sample of 6376 households distributed between urban and rural areas with a percentage of 51.5% and 48.5% respectively. All sample households were observed for the entire survey period (12 month).
In 1964/65, the second survey was conducted on a sample of 13818 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 67.6% for urban and 32.4%for rural households. With the aim of reducing the burden on surveyed households, the whole sample was divided into four sub-samples where households of each sub-sample were observed for only three consecutive months.
In 1974/75, the third survey was carried out on a sample of 11995 households allocated between urban and rural areas in a similar way as the second survey. Like the second survey, households were observed only for three successive months.
In 1981/82, the fourth survey was conducted on a sample of 17000 households distributed equally between urban and rural areas. A new observation methodology, combing fixed and changeable observation of surveyed households, has been applied. A sub- sample of 1000 households were observed all over the survey period (12 months) while the remaining 16000 households were observed on a changeable basis.
In 1990/91, the name of household budgetary survey changed to income, expenditure and consumption survey. Under the new name, the fifth survey was conducted on a sample of 15000 households distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural. The entire sample was divided into 12 sub-samples, each were observed for only one month.
In 1995/96, the sixth survey was conducted on a sample of 15090 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 45.1% in urban and 54.9% in rural. The same observation scheme of the previous survey was applied, i.e., households were observed for one month only.
In 1999/2000, the seventh survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 household monthly) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural.(households were observed for one month only).
In 2004/2005, the eighth survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 households monthly) distributed in urban and rural areas with the percentage of 46.4% for urban and 53.6% rural (households were observed for one month only).
In 2008/2009 the ninth in the series was conducted on a sample of 48658 households (2000 households every 15 days) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.2% for urban and 52.8% rural.(households were observed every 15 days).
The current survey is the tenth survey that was carried out in 2010/2011 on a sample of 26.5 thousand households, out of which 16.5 thousands were new households and 10 thousands were panel households. 1100 household were collected every 15 days distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.1% for urban and 52.9% rural (surveyed households were changed every 15 days).
In 1958/59, the first national survey was conducted in all governorates of Egypt on a sample of 6376 households distributed between urban and rural areas with a percentage of 51.5% and 48.5% respectively. All sample households were observed for the entire survey period (12 month).
In 1964/65, the second survey was conducted on a sample of 13818 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 67.6% for urban and 32.4%for rural households. With the aim of reducing the burden on surveyed households, the whole sample was divided into four sub-samples where households of each sub-sample were observed for only three consecutive months.
In 1974/75, the third survey was carried out on a sample of 11995 households allocated between urban and rural areas in a similar way as the second survey. Like the second survey, households were observed only for three successive months.
In 1981/82, the fourth survey was conducted on a sample of 17000 households distributed equally between urban and rural areas. A new observation methodology, combing fixed and changeable observation of surveyed households, has been applied. A sub- sample of 1000 households were observed all over the survey period (12 months) while the remaining 16000 households were observed on a changeable basis.
In 1990/91, the name of household budgetary survey changed to income, expenditure and consumption survey. Under the new name, the fifth survey was conducted on a sample of 15000 households distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural. The entire sample was divided into 12 sub-samples, each were observed for only one month.
In 1995/96, the sixth survey was conducted on a sample of 15090 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 45.1% in urban and 54.9% in rural. The same observation scheme of the previous survey was applied, i.e., households were observed for one month only.
In 1999/2000, the seventh survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 household monthly) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural.(households were observed for one month only).
In 2004/2005, the eighth survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 households monthly) distributed in urban and rural areas with the percentage of 46.4% for urban and 53.6% rural (households were observed for one month only).
In 2008/2009 the ninth in the series was conducted on a sample of 48658 households (2000 households every 15 days) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.2% for urban and 52.8% rural.(households were observed every 15 days).
The current survey is the tenth survey that was carried out in 2010/2011 on a sample of 26.5 thousand households, out of which 16.5 thousands were new households and 10 thousands were panel households. 1100 household were collected every 15 days distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.1% for urban and 52.9% rural (surveyed households were changed every 15 days).
Abstract
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)
The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) is of great importance among other household surveys conducted by statistical agencies in various countries around the world. This survey provides a large amount of data to rely on in measuring the living standards of households and individuals, as well as establishing databases that serve in measuring poverty, designing social assistance programs, and providing necessary weights to compile consumer price indices, considered to be an important indicator to assess inflation.
The HIECS 2010/2011 is the tenth Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey that was carried out in 2010/2011, among a long series of similar surveys that started back in 1955.
The survey main objectives are:
- To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population as well as socio- economic and demographic differentials.
- To measure average household and per-capita expenditure for various expenditure items along with socio-economic correlates.
- To Measure the change in living standards and expenditure patterns and behavior for the individuals and households in the panel sample, previously surveyed in 2008/2009, for the first time during 12 months representing the survey period.
- To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various items used in compiling consumer price indices which is considered important indicator for measuring inflation.
- To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to determine the levels of consumption and estimate the current demand which is important to predict future demands.
- To define average household and per-capita income from different sources.
- To provide data necessary to measure standard of living for households and individuals. Poverty analysis and setting up a basis for social welfare assistance are highly dependent on the results of this survey.
- To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas.
- To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure.
- To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income.
- To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables.
- To identify consumers behavior changes among socio-economic groups in urban and rural areas.
- To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its nutrition components and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas.
- To identify the value of expenditure for food according to its sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non-food commodities and services.
- To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ,…etc) in urban and rural areas that enables measuring household wealth index.
- To identify the percentage distribution of income earners according to some background variables such as housing conditions, size of household and characteristics of head of household.
Compared to previous surveys, the current survey experienced certain peculiarities, among which :
1- The total sample of the current survey (26.5 thousand households) is divided into two sections:
a- A new sample of 16.5 thousand households. This sample was used to study the geographic differences between urban governorates, urban and rural areas, and frontier governorates as well as other discrepancies related to households characteristics and household size, head of the household's education status, ....... etc.
b- A panel sample with 2008/2009 survey data of around 10 thousand households was selected to accurately study the changes that may have occurred in the households' living standards over the period between the two surveys and over time in the future since CAPMAS will continue to collect panel data for HIECS in the coming years.
2- The number of enumeration area segments is reduced from 2526 in the previous survey to 1000 segments for the new sample, with decreasing the number of households selected from each segment to be (16/18) households instead of (19/20) in the previous survey.
3- Some additional questions that showed to be important based on previous surveys results, were added, such as:
a- Collect the expenditure data on education and health on the person level and not on the household level to enable assessing the real level of average expenditure on those services based on the number of beneficiaries.
b- The extent of health services provided to monitor the level of services available in the Egyptian society.
c- Smoking patterns and behaviors (tobacco types- consumption level- quantities purchased and their values).
d- Counting the number of household members younger than 18 years of age registered in ration cards.
e- Add more details to social security pensions data (for adults, children, scholarships, families of civilian martyrs due to military actions) to match new systems of social security.
f- Duration of usage and current value of durable goods aiming at estimating the service cost of personal consumption, as in the case of imputed rents.
4- Quality control procedures especially for fieldwork, are increased, to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
1- Household/family.
2- Individual/person.
2- Individual/person.
Version
Version Description
V1.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
V2.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, including all variables in V1.0 in addition to a number of new/detailed-composite coded version of the variables considered essential on the household as well as the individual level, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
V2.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, including all variables in V1.0 in addition to a number of new/detailed-composite coded version of the variables considered essential on the household as well as the individual level, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
Production
Date
2014-01
Version Notes
All documentation available for the original survey provided by the Statistical Agency, and for the harmonized datasets produced by the Economic Research Forum, has been published, along with a copy of all international classifications of expenditures, occupations and economic activities used during the harmonization process.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
Scope
Notes
Household: Includes geographic, social, and economic characteristics of households, namely, household composition, dwelling characteristics, ownership of assets indicators, heads' and spouses' characteristics, annual household expenditure and income.
Individual: Includes demographic, migration, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners. Moreover, fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Individual: Includes demographic, migration, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners. Moreover, fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Poverty | ERF |
| Expenditure | ERF |
| Income | ERF |
| Infrastructure | ERF |
| Education | ERF |
| Labor | ERF |
| Health | ERF |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates.
Universe
The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | |
| Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics | Egypt |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)
The sample of HIECS 2010/2011 is a self-weighted two-stage stratified cluster sample, of around 26500 households. The main elements of the sampling design are described in the following.
1- Sample Size
It has been deemed important to collect a smaller sample size (around 26.5 thousand households) compared to previous rounds due to the convergence in the time period over which the survey is conducted to be every two years instead of five years because of its importance. The sample has been proportionally distributed on the governorate level between urban and rural areas, in order to make the sample representative even for small governorates.
Thus, a sample of about 26500 households has been considered, and was distributed between urban and rural with the percentages of 47.1 % and 52.9, respectively.
This sample is divided into two parts:
a- A new sample of 16.5 thousand households selected from main enumeration areas.
b- A panel sample with 2008/2009 survey data of around 10 thousand households.
2- Cluster size
The cluster size in the previous survey has been decreased compared to older surveys since large cluster sizes previously used were found to be too large to yield accepted design effect estimates (DEFT).
As a result, it has been decided to use a cluster size of only 16 households (that was increased to 18 households in urban governorates and Giza, in addition to urban areas in Helwan and 6th of October, to account for anticipated non-response in those governorates: in view of past experience indicating that non-response may almost be nil in rural governorates).
While the cluster size for the panel sample was 4 households.
3- Core Sample
The core sample is the master sample of any household sample required to be pulled for the purpose of studying the properties of individuals and families. It is a large sample and distributed on urban and rural areas of all governorates. It is a representative sample for the individual characteristics of the Egyptian society.
This sample was implemented in January 2010 and its size reached more than 1 million household (1004800 household) selected from 5024 enumeration areas distributed on all governorates (urban/rural) proportionally with the sample size (the enumeration area size is around 200 households).
The core sample is the sampling frame from which the samples for the surveys conducted by CAPMAS are pulled, such as the Labor Force Surveys, Income, Expenditure And Consumption Survey, Household Urban Migration Survey, ...etc, in addition to other samples that may be required for outsources.
New Households Sample
1000 sample areas were selected across all governorates (urban/rural) using a proportional technique with the sample size. The number required for each governorate (urban/rural) was selected from the enumeration areas of the core sample using a systematic sampling technique.
A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the Methodology document available among external resources in both Arabic and English.
Response Rate
For the total sample, the response rate was 93.0% (91.2% in urban areas and 95.6% in rural areas).
Response rates on the governorate level at each sampling stage are presented in the methodology document attached to the documentation materials published in both Arabic and English.
Response rates on the governorate level at each sampling stage are presented in the methodology document attached to the documentation materials published in both Arabic and English.
Weighting
In order for the sample estimates for the HIECS to be representative of the population, it is necessary to multiply the data by a sampling weight, or expansion factor. The basic weight for each sample household would be equal to the inverse of its probability of selection (calculated by multiplying the probabilities at each sampling stage).
The HIECS sample is approximately self-weighting at national level and strictly self-weighting at the governorate level, it should be easy to attach a weight to each sample household record in the computer files, and the tabulation programs can weight the data automatically. The sampling probabilities at each stage of selection will be maintained in an Excel spreadsheet so that the overall probability and corresponding weight can be calculated for each sample cluster.
The procedures for calculating the weights and variances are described in details in the methodology technical document attached to the documentation materials published in both Arabic and English.
The HIECS sample is approximately self-weighting at national level and strictly self-weighting at the governorate level, it should be easy to attach a weight to each sample household record in the computer files, and the tabulation programs can weight the data automatically. The sampling probabilities at each stage of selection will be maintained in an Excel spreadsheet so that the overall probability and corresponding weight can be calculated for each sample cluster.
The procedures for calculating the weights and variances are described in details in the methodology technical document attached to the documentation materials published in both Arabic and English.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2010-07-01 | 2011-06-30 | - |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The field staff was selected from among the efficient experienced persons working in CAPMAS and new graduates specially females.
Intensive training program for supervisors was conducted at CAPMAS in Cairo and locally in governorates for interviewers and field editors.
Supervision program was implemented (each 15 days) in all governorates to check the field work to overcome the field problems.
Data were collected by using personal interview method for household in dwelling and it had been obtained from the head of household or wife or any eligible person in case of their absence.
Duties and responsibilities of all levels of field staff (interviewer, editor and supervisor) were defined to insure the accuracy and timing. These are outlined next:
A- Interviewers
----------------------
Every one of them was responsible for data collection of five households during 15 days with six visits as follows:
(1) First visit
It started before the survey period by one or two days. Its purpose is to ensure the existence of the household, meet the head of household, present herself and her CAPMAS card to him. She also gives the household a simple idea about the survey (its objectives, importance and required data especially expenditure and consumption data).
Showing households the methods of recording their daily data and knowing the suitable time for visiting them. Also delivering the diary book to the household.
In case of the household refusal of cooperating with the interviewer, she has to convince them and if she failed, she must inform her supervisor.
(2) Second visit
This visit is made in the middle of the first week of the survey period and it includes the following:
Editing the recorded data of expenditure and consumption in the diary book by the household.
Completing the data of the third table related with the quantity and value of clothing and footwear that the household obtained and table four related to household expenditure on housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel.
(3) Third visits
It is the same as the previous visit but made in the second part of the first week. In addition to checking household recording of expenditure, the interviewer have to complete the following tables:
The Fifth table: related to household expenditure on furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house.
The Sixth table : related to household expenditure on health.
The Seventh table: related to household expenditure on transportation.
(4) Fourth visit
This visit was in the first part of second week and it includes the following:
Recording or editing the recorded data of expenditure and consumption during the first week and following up recording data of expenditure outside the home on catering services.
Completing these tables:
The Eighth table : related to household expenditure on communication.
The Ninth table : related to household expenditure on recreation and cultural services.
The Tenth table : related to household expenditure on education.
(5) Fifth visit
This visit was in the middle of the second week .It included the followings:
Recording or editing the recorded data of expenditure and consumption of commodities and services in diary questionnaire during the following days of previous visit.
Following up recording the data of expenditure on restaurants, coffees and hotels.
Completing the data of:
The Eleventh table related to household consumption on restaurants, coffees and hotels
The Twelfth table related to household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services
The Second table related to actual household consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics.
Completing the first Table related to the quantity and value of food and beverages actually consumed during the survey period.
Completing the thirteenth table related to transfer payments during the year ended with survey period.
Editing data of expenditure and writing clarification notes of any inconsistencies in the data.
(6) Sixth visit
It is made in the beginning of the days following the survey period. It includes the following:.
Completing the missing data.
Filling down the income data for individuals having income in the household except servants.
B- Editor
------------
The Editor was responsible for checking the work of the interviewers working immediately under his guidance.
C- Supervisor
------------------
They were responsible for financial and technical aspects of all the survey stages especially:
Selecting interviewers (females) and editors (males) and send the list of their names to the administration of survey.
Attending the central training in Cairo.
Training the interviewers on field work .
Intensive training program for supervisors was conducted at CAPMAS in Cairo and locally in governorates for interviewers and field editors.
Supervision program was implemented (each 15 days) in all governorates to check the field work to overcome the field problems.
Data were collected by using personal interview method for household in dwelling and it had been obtained from the head of household or wife or any eligible person in case of their absence.
Duties and responsibilities of all levels of field staff (interviewer, editor and supervisor) were defined to insure the accuracy and timing. These are outlined next:
A- Interviewers
----------------------
Every one of them was responsible for data collection of five households during 15 days with six visits as follows:
(1) First visit
It started before the survey period by one or two days. Its purpose is to ensure the existence of the household, meet the head of household, present herself and her CAPMAS card to him. She also gives the household a simple idea about the survey (its objectives, importance and required data especially expenditure and consumption data).
Showing households the methods of recording their daily data and knowing the suitable time for visiting them. Also delivering the diary book to the household.
In case of the household refusal of cooperating with the interviewer, she has to convince them and if she failed, she must inform her supervisor.
(2) Second visit
This visit is made in the middle of the first week of the survey period and it includes the following:
Editing the recorded data of expenditure and consumption in the diary book by the household.
Completing the data of the third table related with the quantity and value of clothing and footwear that the household obtained and table four related to household expenditure on housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel.
(3) Third visits
It is the same as the previous visit but made in the second part of the first week. In addition to checking household recording of expenditure, the interviewer have to complete the following tables:
The Fifth table: related to household expenditure on furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house.
The Sixth table : related to household expenditure on health.
The Seventh table: related to household expenditure on transportation.
(4) Fourth visit
This visit was in the first part of second week and it includes the following:
Recording or editing the recorded data of expenditure and consumption during the first week and following up recording data of expenditure outside the home on catering services.
Completing these tables:
The Eighth table : related to household expenditure on communication.
The Ninth table : related to household expenditure on recreation and cultural services.
The Tenth table : related to household expenditure on education.
(5) Fifth visit
This visit was in the middle of the second week .It included the followings:
Recording or editing the recorded data of expenditure and consumption of commodities and services in diary questionnaire during the following days of previous visit.
Following up recording the data of expenditure on restaurants, coffees and hotels.
Completing the data of:
The Eleventh table related to household consumption on restaurants, coffees and hotels
The Twelfth table related to household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services
The Second table related to actual household consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics.
Completing the first Table related to the quantity and value of food and beverages actually consumed during the survey period.
Completing the thirteenth table related to transfer payments during the year ended with survey period.
Editing data of expenditure and writing clarification notes of any inconsistencies in the data.
(6) Sixth visit
It is made in the beginning of the days following the survey period. It includes the following:.
Completing the missing data.
Filling down the income data for individuals having income in the household except servants.
B- Editor
------------
The Editor was responsible for checking the work of the interviewers working immediately under his guidance.
C- Supervisor
------------------
They were responsible for financial and technical aspects of all the survey stages especially:
Selecting interviewers (females) and editors (males) and send the list of their names to the administration of survey.
Attending the central training in Cairo.
Training the interviewers on field work .
Data Collection Notes
The Preparation stage for the survey has started in January 2010; the coordination among all stages of survey implementation has been taken into consideration. The activities of office editing, coding, data processing and validation were held at the same time with data collection. Completed questionnaire from all governorates have been submitted to the research division in CAPMAS every two weeks starting the sixth day after the ending of the two weeks during which data is collected. This was followed by the revision and coding phase in parallel with the data entry of those questionnaires, then starts the validation process to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of collected data.
The survey period of the 2010-2011 HIECS extends over a 12 months period, starting from July 2010 and ending in June 2011. Households were observed for two continuous weeks only, this is to collect information on food expenditure. The collection period was shortened to lighten the burden on the surveyed households and encourage them for more cooperation.
Conventionally, the entire survey period is divided into four exclusive quarters, the first quarter includes the first three months (July, August, and September); the second quarter consists of the following three months, and so on till the fourth quarter. The rationale behind this division scheme is to extract preliminary results on each quarter independently, for the purpose of either assessing the quality of survey results, especially in its early stages of implementation, or to conduct meaningful comparative analysis with the similar quarter of previous HIECS rounds once the preliminary results were judged to be acceptable.
In response to the requirements mentioned above, the entire sample is to be divided among the four quarters. A decision was made to cover the whole first stage sample (1000 EAs) in all the survey quarters, but with a sample of 4 or 5 households to be observed from each EA in each quarter.
In order to accomplish an appropriate allocation scheme of the sample over the entire survey period, the first stage sample was randomly divided into six equal (or approximately equal) sub-samples; each of these sub-samples was assigned to a certain 2-week survey period. The first sub-sample had been observed in the first two weeks of July; the second sub-sample in the second two week of July; the third sub- sample in the first 2 weeks of August; and so on till the sixth sub-sample which is to observed in the last two weeks of September. Considerations are also made such that the EA's which are to be observed in the first two weeks of any month in the first quarter are to be observed in the second two weeks of the corresponding month in the second quarter, and conversely for EA's observed in the second 2 week of any month in the first quarter. Evidently, the sample allocation over the six 2-week periods of the first and second quarters will be repeated in the third and fourth quarters respectively. As a result of this allocation scheme, each sample EA will be observed two times in the first 2 weeks and two times in the second 2 weeks of the corresponding months.
As mentioned before, only 4 or 5 households are to be observed from each EA in each of the survey quarters. The list of the whole cluster of 16 or 18 households was divided, into a sub-sample of 5 or 4 households, each of which will be observed in the successive survey quarters.
The reference period over which data was collected varies according to the type of data item as follows:
15 days: for expenditure on food and beverages.
Month: for expenditure on alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics, housing and its accessories goods and services for routine household maintenance, health, operation of personal transport equipments, transport services, restaurants and hotels, personal care and other services n.e.c.
Quarterly: for expenditure on health, Communication.
Annually: for expenditure on clothing and footwear, housing and its accessories, furnishings, household equipments and routine maintenance of the house, health, transport, communication, recreation and culture, education, restaurants and hotels and miscellaneous goods and services.
It is worth noting that in some cases the groups of commodities or services include more than one period such as health which has monthly, quarterly and annually items, on which the expenditure ends by the end of the survey period, depending upon the consumption frequency of these items.
The survey period of the 2010-2011 HIECS extends over a 12 months period, starting from July 2010 and ending in June 2011. Households were observed for two continuous weeks only, this is to collect information on food expenditure. The collection period was shortened to lighten the burden on the surveyed households and encourage them for more cooperation.
Conventionally, the entire survey period is divided into four exclusive quarters, the first quarter includes the first three months (July, August, and September); the second quarter consists of the following three months, and so on till the fourth quarter. The rationale behind this division scheme is to extract preliminary results on each quarter independently, for the purpose of either assessing the quality of survey results, especially in its early stages of implementation, or to conduct meaningful comparative analysis with the similar quarter of previous HIECS rounds once the preliminary results were judged to be acceptable.
In response to the requirements mentioned above, the entire sample is to be divided among the four quarters. A decision was made to cover the whole first stage sample (1000 EAs) in all the survey quarters, but with a sample of 4 or 5 households to be observed from each EA in each quarter.
In order to accomplish an appropriate allocation scheme of the sample over the entire survey period, the first stage sample was randomly divided into six equal (or approximately equal) sub-samples; each of these sub-samples was assigned to a certain 2-week survey period. The first sub-sample had been observed in the first two weeks of July; the second sub-sample in the second two week of July; the third sub- sample in the first 2 weeks of August; and so on till the sixth sub-sample which is to observed in the last two weeks of September. Considerations are also made such that the EA's which are to be observed in the first two weeks of any month in the first quarter are to be observed in the second two weeks of the corresponding month in the second quarter, and conversely for EA's observed in the second 2 week of any month in the first quarter. Evidently, the sample allocation over the six 2-week periods of the first and second quarters will be repeated in the third and fourth quarters respectively. As a result of this allocation scheme, each sample EA will be observed two times in the first 2 weeks and two times in the second 2 weeks of the corresponding months.
As mentioned before, only 4 or 5 households are to be observed from each EA in each of the survey quarters. The list of the whole cluster of 16 or 18 households was divided, into a sub-sample of 5 or 4 households, each of which will be observed in the successive survey quarters.
The reference period over which data was collected varies according to the type of data item as follows:
15 days: for expenditure on food and beverages.
Month: for expenditure on alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics, housing and its accessories goods and services for routine household maintenance, health, operation of personal transport equipments, transport services, restaurants and hotels, personal care and other services n.e.c.
Quarterly: for expenditure on health, Communication.
Annually: for expenditure on clothing and footwear, housing and its accessories, furnishings, household equipments and routine maintenance of the house, health, transport, communication, recreation and culture, education, restaurants and hotels and miscellaneous goods and services.
It is worth noting that in some cases the groups of commodities or services include more than one period such as health which has monthly, quarterly and annually items, on which the expenditure ends by the end of the survey period, depending upon the consumption frequency of these items.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics | CAPMAS | Egypt |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Three different questionnaires have been designed as following:
1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire.
2- Diary Questionnaire (Assisting questionnaire).
3- Income Questionnaire.
In designing the questionnaires of expenditure, consumption and income, we were taking into our consideration the following:
- Using the recent concepts and definitions of International Labor Organization approved in the International Convention of Labor Statisticians held in Geneva, 2003.
- Using the recent Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).
- Using more than one approach of expenditure measurement to serve many purposes of the survey.
A brief description of each questionnaire is given next:
1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire
-----------------------------------------------------------
This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household on the cover page.
The questionnaire is divided into two main sections.
Section one: Household schedule and other information, it includes:
- Demographic characteristics and basic data for all household individuals consisting of 26 questions for every person.
- Members of household who are currently working abroad.
- The household ration card.
- The main outlets that provide food and beverage.
- Domestic and foreign tourism.
- The housing conditions including 16 questions.
- Household ownership of means of transportation, communication and domestic appliances.
- Date of purchase, status at purchase, purchase value and current imputed value of the household possessed appliances and means of transportation.
-This section includes some questions which help to define the social and economic level of households which in turn, help interviewers to check the plausibility of expenditure, consumption and income data.
Section two: Expenditure and consumption data It includes 14 tables as follows:
1- The quantity and value of food and beverages commodities actually consumed.
2- The quantity and value of the actual consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics.
3- The quantity and value of the clothing and footwear.
4- The household expenditure on housing.
5- The household expenditure on furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house.
6- The household expenditure on health care services.
7- The household expenditure on transportation.
8- The household expenditure on communication.
9- The household expenditure on recreation and culture
10- The household expenditure on education.
11- The household expenditure at restaurants and hotels.
12- The household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services.
13- Transfer payments.
14- Total annual household expenditure (prepared in office)
The tables from 1 to 13 include all types of commodities and services (778 Items), 47 Sub-group and 12 Main groups in addition to transfer payments.
This questionnaire has been designed to be pre-coded for all expenditure items and household characteristics, to avoid possible coding mistakes, except for the occupation and industry. Those were coded at the office following the International classifications for occupation and industry. On the questionnaire cover, geographic information were coded at the office, as well, following the Administrative Classification.
The questionnaire was designed to cover different reference periods for expenditure data, since they differ based on the expenditure nature. The reference period agreed upon for regular consumption of commodities such as those related to food and beverage is two weeks. Alcoholic beverages and Tobacco are collected for a reference of one month ending by the end of the survey period. Commodities and services consumed on a semi-regular basis are collected for a reference of 3 month while commodities and services consumed less regularly are collected on annual basis, ending by the end of the survey period.
The total number of items is increased to 778 commodity and service compared to 771 in 2008/2009 survey.
2 - Diary Questionnaire (Assisting questionnaire)
-----------------------------------------------------------
The assisting questionnaire has been prepared to help households recording - on a daily basis- the quantity and value of what have been consumed of food and beverages during the reference period (15 days).
Therefore, this questionnaire is considered the main source of expenditure data on food and beverage, and was designed in a very simple form to facilitate using it by the surveyed household and the interviewers during their frequent visits to the household.
Due to the importance of such a questionnaire, the households are required to record their expenses daily, and the interviewers are instructed to check what households have recorded during their 6 visits to the household during the survey period. In case of the inability of some households to record their daily expenditure, the interviewer has to do so.
The questionnaire includes:
a- Letter addressed to the head of household to inform him/her about the importance of survey so that his/her cooperation may be stimulated.
b- Instructions of data recording for households and interviewers.
c- A group of modules to record daily consumption of household as follows:
Module (A): Includes twenty pages to record the daily consumed quantity and value of food and beverages, during the survey period. Each pages consists of 4 columns and each column is used to register the data of one good, including:
Date, source of commodity, quantity and value.
Module (B): Includes eight pages to record the value of expenditure for meals and tobacco outside the house, in addition to the value of expenditure for food prepared outside the house and consumed inside the house.
Module (C1): Includes 12 pages to record the total of quantity and value of consumed food and beverages according to source, either from household production or in-kind transfer, during the survey period using the data recorded in Module (A).
Module (C2): Includes 6 pages to record the total of quantity and value of actually consumed food and beverages according to source, either from household production or in-kind transfer, during the survey period using the data recorded in Module (A).
Module (D): Includes two pages to record total expenditure on food and beverages consumed outside home during the survey period using the data recorded in Module (B).
3- Income questionnaire
-------------------------------
It includes annual household income data according to income sources (excluding irregular incomes).
It consists of several tables; each is designated to a specific income source. These sources are:
- Wages and salaries for wage/salary for earners among household members.
- Self-employed income from agriculture projects.
- Self-employed income from non Agriculture projects.
- Financial properties such as stocks, bonds, deposits and investment certificates.
- Non- financial properties such as agriculture or non-agriculture land and rented to others properties.
- Imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings.
- Received cash and in kind transfers
1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire.
2- Diary Questionnaire (Assisting questionnaire).
3- Income Questionnaire.
In designing the questionnaires of expenditure, consumption and income, we were taking into our consideration the following:
- Using the recent concepts and definitions of International Labor Organization approved in the International Convention of Labor Statisticians held in Geneva, 2003.
- Using the recent Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).
- Using more than one approach of expenditure measurement to serve many purposes of the survey.
A brief description of each questionnaire is given next:
1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire
-----------------------------------------------------------
This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household on the cover page.
The questionnaire is divided into two main sections.
Section one: Household schedule and other information, it includes:
- Demographic characteristics and basic data for all household individuals consisting of 26 questions for every person.
- Members of household who are currently working abroad.
- The household ration card.
- The main outlets that provide food and beverage.
- Domestic and foreign tourism.
- The housing conditions including 16 questions.
- Household ownership of means of transportation, communication and domestic appliances.
- Date of purchase, status at purchase, purchase value and current imputed value of the household possessed appliances and means of transportation.
-This section includes some questions which help to define the social and economic level of households which in turn, help interviewers to check the plausibility of expenditure, consumption and income data.
Section two: Expenditure and consumption data It includes 14 tables as follows:
1- The quantity and value of food and beverages commodities actually consumed.
2- The quantity and value of the actual consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics.
3- The quantity and value of the clothing and footwear.
4- The household expenditure on housing.
5- The household expenditure on furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house.
6- The household expenditure on health care services.
7- The household expenditure on transportation.
8- The household expenditure on communication.
9- The household expenditure on recreation and culture
10- The household expenditure on education.
11- The household expenditure at restaurants and hotels.
12- The household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services.
13- Transfer payments.
14- Total annual household expenditure (prepared in office)
The tables from 1 to 13 include all types of commodities and services (778 Items), 47 Sub-group and 12 Main groups in addition to transfer payments.
This questionnaire has been designed to be pre-coded for all expenditure items and household characteristics, to avoid possible coding mistakes, except for the occupation and industry. Those were coded at the office following the International classifications for occupation and industry. On the questionnaire cover, geographic information were coded at the office, as well, following the Administrative Classification.
The questionnaire was designed to cover different reference periods for expenditure data, since they differ based on the expenditure nature. The reference period agreed upon for regular consumption of commodities such as those related to food and beverage is two weeks. Alcoholic beverages and Tobacco are collected for a reference of one month ending by the end of the survey period. Commodities and services consumed on a semi-regular basis are collected for a reference of 3 month while commodities and services consumed less regularly are collected on annual basis, ending by the end of the survey period.
The total number of items is increased to 778 commodity and service compared to 771 in 2008/2009 survey.
2 - Diary Questionnaire (Assisting questionnaire)
-----------------------------------------------------------
The assisting questionnaire has been prepared to help households recording - on a daily basis- the quantity and value of what have been consumed of food and beverages during the reference period (15 days).
Therefore, this questionnaire is considered the main source of expenditure data on food and beverage, and was designed in a very simple form to facilitate using it by the surveyed household and the interviewers during their frequent visits to the household.
Due to the importance of such a questionnaire, the households are required to record their expenses daily, and the interviewers are instructed to check what households have recorded during their 6 visits to the household during the survey period. In case of the inability of some households to record their daily expenditure, the interviewer has to do so.
The questionnaire includes:
a- Letter addressed to the head of household to inform him/her about the importance of survey so that his/her cooperation may be stimulated.
b- Instructions of data recording for households and interviewers.
c- A group of modules to record daily consumption of household as follows:
Module (A): Includes twenty pages to record the daily consumed quantity and value of food and beverages, during the survey period. Each pages consists of 4 columns and each column is used to register the data of one good, including:
Date, source of commodity, quantity and value.
Module (B): Includes eight pages to record the value of expenditure for meals and tobacco outside the house, in addition to the value of expenditure for food prepared outside the house and consumed inside the house.
Module (C1): Includes 12 pages to record the total of quantity and value of consumed food and beverages according to source, either from household production or in-kind transfer, during the survey period using the data recorded in Module (A).
Module (C2): Includes 6 pages to record the total of quantity and value of actually consumed food and beverages according to source, either from household production or in-kind transfer, during the survey period using the data recorded in Module (A).
Module (D): Includes two pages to record total expenditure on food and beverages consumed outside home during the survey period using the data recorded in Module (B).
3- Income questionnaire
-------------------------------
It includes annual household income data according to income sources (excluding irregular incomes).
It consists of several tables; each is designated to a specific income source. These sources are:
- Wages and salaries for wage/salary for earners among household members.
- Self-employed income from agriculture projects.
- Self-employed income from non Agriculture projects.
- Financial properties such as stocks, bonds, deposits and investment certificates.
- Non- financial properties such as agriculture or non-agriculture land and rented to others properties.
- Imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings.
- Received cash and in kind transfers
Data Processing
Data Editing
Raw Data
=======
Office Editing:
It is one of the main stages of the survey. It started as soon as the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by selected work groups. It includes:
a- Editing of coverage and completeness
b- Editing of consistency
c- Arithmetic editing of quantities and values.
Data Coding:
Specialized staff has coded the data of industry, occupation and geographical identification.
Data Processing and preparing final results
It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation and preparing final survey volumes.
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute /recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
=======
Office Editing:
It is one of the main stages of the survey. It started as soon as the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by selected work groups. It includes:
a- Editing of coverage and completeness
b- Editing of consistency
c- Arithmetic editing of quantities and values.
Data Coding:
Specialized staff has coded the data of industry, occupation and geographical identification.
Data Processing and preparing final results
It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation and preparing final survey volumes.
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute /recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The sampling error of major survey estimates has been derived using the Ultimate Cluster Method as applied in the CENVAR Module of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) Package. In addition to the estimate of sampling error, the output includes estimates of coefficient of variation, design effect (DEFF) and 95% confidence intervals.
Data Appraisal
Quality Control Procedures included:
1- Procedures implemented by the survey division
--------------------------------------------------------------
1- Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions of income and expenditure considering maintaining the consistency with the previous surveys in order to compare and study the changes in pertinent indicators.
2- Evaluating the quality of data in all different Implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest extent possible through:
Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for households in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time.
Setting up a program for the Survey Technical Committee Members and survey staff for visiting fieldwork in all governorates (each 15 days) to solve any problem in the proper time.
For the purpose of quality assurance, tables were generated for each survey round where internal consistency checks were performed to study the plausibility of consistency of data collected.
2- Procedures implemented by the quality control general division
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A- It was put into consideration during the survey implementation to assign the quality control general division a core role in controlling the quality of the fieldwork to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment, and announce the results to all those working in the survey.
B- 24 quality control rounds (2 rounds weekly) covering all governorates were implemented. A complete report on the results of each round was produced and distributed to all workers in the survey.
The quality control procedures covered 73.2% of total kism/district in urban areas, 48.3% of rural districts, and 48% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2%.
As for the panel sample, the quality control procedures covered 50.3% of total kism/district in urban areas, 16.9% of rural districts, and 14.2% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2.1%.
1- Procedures implemented by the survey division
--------------------------------------------------------------
1- Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions of income and expenditure considering maintaining the consistency with the previous surveys in order to compare and study the changes in pertinent indicators.
2- Evaluating the quality of data in all different Implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest extent possible through:
Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for households in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time.
Setting up a program for the Survey Technical Committee Members and survey staff for visiting fieldwork in all governorates (each 15 days) to solve any problem in the proper time.
For the purpose of quality assurance, tables were generated for each survey round where internal consistency checks were performed to study the plausibility of consistency of data collected.
2- Procedures implemented by the quality control general division
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A- It was put into consideration during the survey implementation to assign the quality control general division a core role in controlling the quality of the fieldwork to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment, and announce the results to all those working in the survey.
B- 24 quality control rounds (2 rounds weekly) covering all governorates were implemented. A complete report on the results of each round was produced and distributed to all workers in the survey.
The quality control procedures covered 73.2% of total kism/district in urban areas, 48.3% of rural districts, and 48% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2%.
As for the panel sample, the quality control procedures covered 50.3% of total kism/district in urban areas, 16.9% of rural districts, and 14.2% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2.1%.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | (ERF) | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement.
The data will be used only for scholarly research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics as follows:
OAMDI, 2014. Harmonized Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HHIES), http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erfdataportal. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; HIECS 2010/2011 - Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
OAMDI, 2014. Harmonized Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HHIES), http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erfdataportal. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; HIECS 2010/2011 - Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum and the Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2014, Economic Research Forum | (c) 2011, CAPMAS, Egypt
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
EGY_HIECS_2010_HD_V2.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | Cleaning and harmonizing raw data received from the Statistical Agency |
Date of Metadata Production
2014-01
DDI Document version
Version 2.0