SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 (2021)
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, 2015 - 2016
Survey coordinator: Elena Sánchez-Montijano, Survey coordinator: Moussa Bourekba, Survey coordinator: Wiebke Weber, Survey coordinator: Teresa Queralt Sans
Identification
Survey ID Number
SAHWA_2016_V4.0
Title
SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 (2021)
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Algeria | DZA |
| Morocco | MAR |
| Tunisia | TUN |
| Egypt | EGY |
| Lebanon | LBN |
Study type
Youth Survey
Series Information
The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with youngsters aged 15 to 29 from the five countries of study - Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia - in 2015 and 2016 in the framework of SAHWA Youth Survey. SAHWA Youth Survey is a cross-national survey carried out within the framework of FP-7 EU funded project "SAHWA: Researching Arab Mediterranean Youth. Towards a New Social Contract". The Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB, www.cidob.org) developed the survey with the assistance of the Barcelona-based Research and Expertise Centre for Survey Methodology (RECSM, Pompeu Fabra University).
Abstract
SAHWA - Researching Arab Mediterranean Youth: Towards a New Social Contract 1 is a collaborative research project led by the Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) and co-financed by the European Commission as part of its Seventh Research Framework Programme. SAHWA brings together 15 partners from Europe and Arab Mediterranean countries to research youth prospects and perspectives in a context of multiple social, economic and political transitions in five Arab countries: Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia. The project took place over 2014-2016 with a total budget of €3 million.
The SAHWA Youth Survey (YS) is a cross-national survey carried out in five countries, to take the pulse of Arab youth in these countries. In total 9,860 young people, aged 15 to 29, were interviewed throughout the second and third years of the SAHWA Project in 2015 to 2016. The topics around which the project revolves are education, employment and social inclusion, political engagement, culture and values, international migration and mobility, gender, comparative experiences in other transition contexts, and public policies and international cooperation.
The SAHWA Youth Survey (YS) is a cross-national survey carried out in five countries, to take the pulse of Arab youth in these countries. In total 9,860 young people, aged 15 to 29, were interviewed throughout the second and third years of the SAHWA Project in 2015 to 2016. The topics around which the project revolves are education, employment and social inclusion, political engagement, culture and values, international migration and mobility, gender, comparative experiences in other transition contexts, and public policies and international cooperation.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals: Young people between 15 and 29 years old, citizens of the participant countries
Version
Version Description
SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 data is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 Survey documentation is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 Survey documentation is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Production
Date
2021-12-03
Version Notes
The survey was carried out in 2015-2016. The data set was produced in 2017. It was made public in December 2021.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The sample was designed to provide estimates of the indicators at the national level for each country, for excluded areas please read "SAHWA Documentation Report-Final" in the documentation tab.
Universe
Samples are nationally representative for youth aged 15 to 29 in the five countries of study – Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, and Lebanon.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Survey coordinator: Elena Sánchez-Montijano | Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, CIDOB |
| Survey coordinator: Moussa Bourekba | Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, CIDOB |
| Survey coordinator: Wiebke Weber | Research and Expertise Centre for Survey Methodology, RECSM, Pompeu Fabra University |
| Survey coordinator: Teresa Queralt Sans | Research and Expertise Centre for Survey Methodology, RECSM, Pompeu Fabra University |
Producers
| Name |
|---|
| Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée pour le Développement, Algeria |
| Centre of Arab Women for Training and Research, Tunisia |
| American University in Cairo FORUM, Egypt |
| Institut des Hautes Etudes de Management, Morocco |
| Lebanese American University, Lebanon |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| European Commission | EC |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Algeria:
National sample size: 2,036 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 2,036. No observations were disregarded.
Sampling frame: General Census of population and Housing 2008 provides a list of 1,198 districts and 21,502 households.
Sampling design: sub-sample of the Survey on Employment in household (Enquête Emploi auprès des Ménages), conducted by the Office National des Statistiques in 2013.
Morocco:
National sample size: 2,000 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 1,854 young people. After data cleaning, 146 observations had to be excluded as they were out of the age range.
Sampling Frame: data published by the High Commissioner for Planning (Haut-Commissariat au Plan, HCP) after the census carried out in 2004 and 2014 (www.hcp.ma/file/111366).
Sampling design: For details about the sampling design in Morocco please refer to ““SAHWA Documentation Report-Final in the documents” in the documents.
Tunisia:
National sample size: 2,000 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 2,000 young people. No observations were removed disregarded.
Sampling Frame: census data of the Institute of National Statistics updated on 2014.
Sampling design: For details about the sampling design in Tunisia please refer to ““SAHWA Documentation Report-Final in the documents” in the documents
Egypt:
Initial national sample size before cleaning: 2,006.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 1,970. During the cleaning process, 36 observations had to be disregarded for being out of the age range. Sampling framework: The primarily unit of selection (PSU) are selected from the master sample of the Central Agency of Public Mobilization and Statistics, based on the General Census 2006.
Sampling design: Random selection from the SYPE 2014 sample, after excluding the borders/Frontiers governorates. The sample was selected in two stages. First, about 140 PSUs from the pool of 451 PSU of the SYPE 2014 sample were selected. In the second stage, all individuals aged 15-29 (as of 2016) in the selected PSU were interviewed.
Lebanon:
National sample size: 2,000 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 2,000. No observations were removed.
Sampling Frame: due to the lack of a household-based sampling frame, the Lebanese Statistical Agency uses geographical blocks in localities as the sampling units of analysis. These blocks are considered the basic unit in the sampling procedure. The Census of Buildings, Dwellings and Establishments (2004) and the Lebanese Household Budget Survey (2004) were used as sample frames.
Sampling design: a 2-stage sampling design based on the Census of Buildings, Dwellings and Establishments (2004) was used. The Lebanese territory is divided into 6 administrative regions, and these regions are divided into 26 smaller units or Caza. At the same time, each Caza contains the primary sampling unit, the blocks, bordered by streets and other barriers. The selection of the sampling units in each block is carried out according to the Census of Buildings (2004).
Step 1: selection in the first stage consists of a random selection of block
Step 2: random selection of primary sampling unit in each block.
National sample size: 2,036 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 2,036. No observations were disregarded.
Sampling frame: General Census of population and Housing 2008 provides a list of 1,198 districts and 21,502 households.
Sampling design: sub-sample of the Survey on Employment in household (Enquête Emploi auprès des Ménages), conducted by the Office National des Statistiques in 2013.
Morocco:
National sample size: 2,000 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 1,854 young people. After data cleaning, 146 observations had to be excluded as they were out of the age range.
Sampling Frame: data published by the High Commissioner for Planning (Haut-Commissariat au Plan, HCP) after the census carried out in 2004 and 2014 (www.hcp.ma/file/111366
Sampling design: For details about the sampling design in Morocco please refer to ““SAHWA Documentation Report-Final in the documents” in the documents.
Tunisia:
National sample size: 2,000 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 2,000 young people. No observations were removed disregarded.
Sampling Frame: census data of the Institute of National Statistics updated on 2014.
Sampling design: For details about the sampling design in Tunisia please refer to ““SAHWA Documentation Report-Final in the documents” in the documents
Egypt:
Initial national sample size before cleaning: 2,006.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 1,970. During the cleaning process, 36 observations had to be disregarded for being out of the age range. Sampling framework: The primarily unit of selection (PSU) are selected from the master sample of the Central Agency of Public Mobilization and Statistics, based on the General Census 2006.
Sampling design: Random selection from the SYPE 2014 sample, after excluding the borders/Frontiers governorates. The sample was selected in two stages. First, about 140 PSUs from the pool of 451 PSU of the SYPE 2014 sample were selected. In the second stage, all individuals aged 15-29 (as of 2016) in the selected PSU were interviewed.
Lebanon:
National sample size: 2,000 young people.
Final sample size in the data set after cleaning: 2,000. No observations were removed.
Sampling Frame: due to the lack of a household-based sampling frame, the Lebanese Statistical Agency uses geographical blocks in localities as the sampling units of analysis. These blocks are considered the basic unit in the sampling procedure. The Census of Buildings, Dwellings and Establishments (2004) and the Lebanese Household Budget Survey (2004) were used as sample frames.
Sampling design: a 2-stage sampling design based on the Census of Buildings, Dwellings and Establishments (2004) was used. The Lebanese territory is divided into 6 administrative regions, and these regions are divided into 26 smaller units or Caza. At the same time, each Caza contains the primary sampling unit, the blocks, bordered by streets and other barriers. The selection of the sampling units in each block is carried out according to the Census of Buildings (2004).
Step 1: selection in the first stage consists of a random selection of block
Step 2: random selection of primary sampling unit in each block.
Weighting
The SAHWA YS dataset contains two different types of weighting variables: design or sampling weights and population weights.
Design or sampling weights (dweight variable in the SAHWA dataset): during the sampling process, most countries of study -Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia- used complex sampling designs (either stratified or cluster). Using these kinds of design means some individuals or subregions may have a higher probability of being selected as part of the sample, which may lead to over-representation of some groups of respondents or sub-regions. Weighting statistical analyses corrects for these inequalities, obtaining results not affected by possible sample bias and representative of the total population.
To correct for inequal probabilities of selection in the target population due to complex sample designs, a design weight for each individual was calculated as:
dweightij= 1/ Probability of selection of the ith individual in the jth country
Due to the self-weighted sampling design, no weighting is necessary in Lebanon. Therefore, all design weights for Lebanon are 1.
Population weights: In cross-national surveys, equal sample sizes in unequal target population sizes across countries may lead to over-representation of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones. We call target population size the total number of population under study. For the SAHWA YS, the target population is all young people between 15 and 29 years old. Population weights (pweight variable in the SAHWA dataset) adjust the data to ensure that each country is represented in proportion to its actual target population size. These weights aim to correct for the bias introduced by almost equal sample sizes but very different target population sizes.
They are calculated as pweight= Target population in country/ Sample size in country *10
Depending on the purpose of the investigation, the researcher needs to use one or both weighting variables:
• When analyzing data from a single country, only the design weight needs to be used.
• When analyzing data from two or more countries and the research interest is to compare scores across countries, only design weight needs to be applied.
• When analyzing data to describe a group of countries or a region, without distinguishing across countries, both design and population weights need to be applied.
For further details please read the “SAHWA Documentation Report-Final" in the documentation tab.
Design or sampling weights (dweight variable in the SAHWA dataset): during the sampling process, most countries of study -Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia- used complex sampling designs (either stratified or cluster). Using these kinds of design means some individuals or subregions may have a higher probability of being selected as part of the sample, which may lead to over-representation of some groups of respondents or sub-regions. Weighting statistical analyses corrects for these inequalities, obtaining results not affected by possible sample bias and representative of the total population.
To correct for inequal probabilities of selection in the target population due to complex sample designs, a design weight for each individual was calculated as:
dweightij= 1/ Probability of selection of the ith individual in the jth country
Due to the self-weighted sampling design, no weighting is necessary in Lebanon. Therefore, all design weights for Lebanon are 1.
Population weights: In cross-national surveys, equal sample sizes in unequal target population sizes across countries may lead to over-representation of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones. We call target population size the total number of population under study. For the SAHWA YS, the target population is all young people between 15 and 29 years old. Population weights (pweight variable in the SAHWA dataset) adjust the data to ensure that each country is represented in proportion to its actual target population size. These weights aim to correct for the bias introduced by almost equal sample sizes but very different target population sizes.
They are calculated as pweight= Target population in country/ Sample size in country *10
Depending on the purpose of the investigation, the researcher needs to use one or both weighting variables:
• When analyzing data from a single country, only the design weight needs to be used.
• When analyzing data from two or more countries and the research interest is to compare scores across countries, only design weight needs to be applied.
• When analyzing data to describe a group of countries or a region, without distinguishing across countries, both design and population weights need to be applied.
For further details please read the “SAHWA Documentation Report-Final" in the documentation tab.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-10 | 2015-12 | Algeria |
| 2015-10 | 2015-11 | Morocco |
| 2015-11 | 2015-11 | Tunisia |
| 2015-11 | 2016-02 | Egypt |
| 2015-10 | 2015-11 | Lebanon |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée pour le Développement, Algeria | CREAD |
| BJKA Consulting, Morocco | BJKA |
| BJKA Consulting (http://www.bjka-consulting.com/), Tunisia | BJKA |
| Population Council, Egypt | Popcouncil |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire covered the following topics
1- Household and housing characteristics
2- Youth opportunities: employment, education and social inclusion
3- Youth political and social engagement
4- Youth cultures: values, representations and social conditions
5- Gender equality
6- Migration and international mobility
7- Public policies and international cooperation
For further details about the process of questionnaire development please see the documents in the documentation tab
1- Household and housing characteristics
2- Youth opportunities: employment, education and social inclusion
3- Youth political and social engagement
4- Youth cultures: values, representations and social conditions
5- Gender equality
6- Migration and international mobility
7- Public policies and international cooperation
For further details about the process of questionnaire development please see the documents in the documentation tab
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | ERF | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro-data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement. The data will be used only for scholarly, research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
The users should use the following citation:
Data: Weber, W., Queralt, T., Bourekba, M. and S?nchez-Montijano, E. (2021). SAHWA Youth Survey 2016. Data file edition 4.0. Barcelona: Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) Documentation report: Weber, W., Queralt, T., Bourekba, M. and S?nchez-Montijano, E. (2021).
SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 Documentation Report. Edition 4.0. Barcelona: Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB).
Data: Weber, W., Queralt, T., Bourekba, M. and S?nchez-Montijano, E. (2021). SAHWA Youth Survey 2016. Data file edition 4.0. Barcelona: Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) Documentation report: Weber, W., Queralt, T., Bourekba, M. and S?nchez-Montijano, E. (2021).
SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 Documentation Report. Edition 4.0. Barcelona: Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
Data coming from the SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 has been made public in 2021. Neither the Coordinator of SAHWA Project, CIDOB, its Scientific Coordinator, nor the individual members of the SAHWA Consortium are liable for any use that is made of the information contained herein.
The Economic Research Forum has granted the researcher access to relevant data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
The Economic Research Forum has granted the researcher access to relevant data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
SAHWA_2016_V4.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF |
Date of Metadata Production
2023-11-14
DDI Document version
Version 4.0