The Egypt Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence Survey, ECGBVS 2015
Egypt, Arab Rep., 2015
United Nations Population Fund, National Council for Women, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
Identification
Survey ID Number
Egypt_ECGBVS_2015_V1
Title
The Egypt Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence Survey, ECGBVS 2015
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Egypt | EGY |
Series Information
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) in cooperation with United Nations Fund Population (UNFPA) and National Council for Women (NCW) launching the first national survey measuring prevalence of the different types and forms of gender based violence inflicted on women and girls in the age group 18-64 years and its impact on women’s health, reproductive health and general wellbeing; and finally it measures the associated economic costs on their families, society and state as a whole.
The ECGBVS serves as an adequate assessment of the various forms of incidents of violence against women and girls, in addition to harmful traditional practices. The survey also assesses the characteristics of women that were most vulnerable to violence and most affected by it, as well as the impact of the violence on the woman, her family and the economic costs borne as a result.
The survey provides reliable evidence confirming that combatting Genderbased violence in Egypt is a priority issue that the government needs to act swiftly on in order to eradicate poverty in Egypt. Having this data should also encourage policy makers to invest in institutionalizing GBV protection and response services across all relevant sectors. Although such measures are economically burdening, their return is much greater on reducing long-term costs and loss of productivity as a result of violence against women.
The ECGBVS serves as an adequate assessment of the various forms of incidents of violence against women and girls, in addition to harmful traditional practices. The survey also assesses the characteristics of women that were most vulnerable to violence and most affected by it, as well as the impact of the violence on the woman, her family and the economic costs borne as a result.
The survey provides reliable evidence confirming that combatting Genderbased violence in Egypt is a priority issue that the government needs to act swiftly on in order to eradicate poverty in Egypt. Having this data should also encourage policy makers to invest in institutionalizing GBV protection and response services across all relevant sectors. Although such measures are economically burdening, their return is much greater on reducing long-term costs and loss of productivity as a result of violence against women.
Abstract
The 2015 ECGBVS was designed to provide and disseminate accurate, nationally representative data related to Gender-Based Violence against women and girls and its associated economic costs. These data will help the policy-makers and planners to formulate evidence-based strategies and action plans to combat violence against women.
The survey aims to measure the following:
- Prevalence and incidence of the different types and forms of violence against women.
- Impact of violence on women’s health, reproductive health and general wellbeing.
- Consequences of violence against women and their associated economic costs.
Initiation of a collaboration in the beginning of 2014 between the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the National Council for Women (NCW) and the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) to conduct the national survey collecting evidence on the prevalence of Gender-Based Violence, its effects on reproductive and general health and wellbeing, as well as assessing the economic cost the victim, society and state endure yearly as a result. Technical and financial support to CAPMAS and NCW were solely provided by UNFPA Egypt country office.
The fieldwork for the 2015 ECGBVS took place from April 11, 2015 to June 11, 2015. The sample for the 2015 ECGBVS was designed to provide representative estimates of the survey indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas separately and for the five regions: Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt and rural Upper Egypt. Frontier Governorates were excluded from the sample as their population constitutes less than 1 percent of Egypt’s total population and accordingly does not affect national estimates.
A total of 21,448 households were selected for the sample, of which 21,102 were found at the time of fieldwork. Of the households that were found, 20,535 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 97.3 percent. In these households, 20,157 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Out of these women, 20,000 were successfully interviewed, which represents a response rate of 99.2 percent. In view of the extreme sensitivity of the main topic of the survey (violence against women), this response rate is highly encouraging and appears to be the result of a well-coordinated team effort. As expected, response rates were lower in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Women aged 18-64 who were residents or present in the household for a month or more before the survey were eligible for the 2015 ECGBVS. Only one eligible woman in each household was selected for the interview.
The survey aims to measure the following:
- Prevalence and incidence of the different types and forms of violence against women.
- Impact of violence on women’s health, reproductive health and general wellbeing.
- Consequences of violence against women and their associated economic costs.
Initiation of a collaboration in the beginning of 2014 between the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the National Council for Women (NCW) and the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) to conduct the national survey collecting evidence on the prevalence of Gender-Based Violence, its effects on reproductive and general health and wellbeing, as well as assessing the economic cost the victim, society and state endure yearly as a result. Technical and financial support to CAPMAS and NCW were solely provided by UNFPA Egypt country office.
The fieldwork for the 2015 ECGBVS took place from April 11, 2015 to June 11, 2015. The sample for the 2015 ECGBVS was designed to provide representative estimates of the survey indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas separately and for the five regions: Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt and rural Upper Egypt. Frontier Governorates were excluded from the sample as their population constitutes less than 1 percent of Egypt’s total population and accordingly does not affect national estimates.
A total of 21,448 households were selected for the sample, of which 21,102 were found at the time of fieldwork. Of the households that were found, 20,535 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 97.3 percent. In these households, 20,157 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Out of these women, 20,000 were successfully interviewed, which represents a response rate of 99.2 percent. In view of the extreme sensitivity of the main topic of the survey (violence against women), this response rate is highly encouraging and appears to be the result of a well-coordinated team effort. As expected, response rates were lower in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Women aged 18-64 who were residents or present in the household for a month or more before the survey were eligible for the 2015 ECGBVS. Only one eligible woman in each household was selected for the interview.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Women aged 18-64
Version
Version Description
Version 1: A version of Egypt_ECGBVS_2015 data prepared by the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), National Council for Women (NCW) and the Economic Research Forum (ERF) for dissemination
Production
Date
2022-05
Scope
Notes
The household questionnaire included questions on the age, sex, marital status and relationship to the household head (of each household member or visitor for one month or more), information on housing characteristics (e.g. type of dwelling unit, the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water and the toilet facility) and on the ownership of a variety of consumer goods. This information served also to create the household wealth index, which assesses the long-term standard of living of the household
The individual questionnaire was conducted with women age 18-64, regardless of their marital status. The individual questionnaire collected information on the following topics:
• Characteristics of respondent and the district she lives in,
• Women’s employment and income,
• General and reproductive health, including traditional harmful practices,
• Violence perpetrated by husband/fiance,
• Violence perpetrated by family members/ persons in close relation and strangers within the surrounding environment,
• Violence in public spaces.
The individual questionnaire was conducted with women age 18-64, regardless of their marital status. The individual questionnaire collected information on the following topics:
• Characteristics of respondent and the district she lives in,
• Women’s employment and income,
• General and reproductive health, including traditional harmful practices,
• Violence perpetrated by husband/fiance,
• Violence perpetrated by family members/ persons in close relation and strangers within the surrounding environment,
• Violence in public spaces.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Universe
The survey covered a national sample of women aged 18-64. Women aged 18-64 who were residents or present in the household for a month or more before the survey were eligible for the 2015 ECGBVS. Only one eligible woman in each household was selected for the interview.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA |
| National Council for Women | NCW |
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics | CAPMAS |
Producers
| Name |
|---|
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample of the 2015 ECGBVS is a two-stage cluster sample:
The first sampling stage involved the selection of 1,000 enumeration areas (EAs) from a master sampling frame prepared by CAPMAS in January 2010 based on the 2006 Population Census, and updated in 2013. The 1000 EAs were divided into 45% to the urban areas and 55% to the rural areas. This yielded 448 EAs in the urban areas and 552 EAs in the rural areas. The EAs in the urban and rural areas were allocated to the urban and rural areas of all the governorates (except Frontier Governorates) in proportion to the number of the households in each governorate (urban and rural). Then the sample size of the small governorates (Port Said, Suez, Damietta, Ismailia, Luxor and Aswan) was increased to get more precise estimates.
In the second sampling stage, 22 households were systematically selected from each of EAs of the urban areas and 21 households from each of the EAs of the rural areas. The size of the cluster in the urban areas (22 households) was higher than that in the rural areas (21 households) to take into consideration that the response rate is lower in the urban compared to the rural areas as indicated from previous surveys. Thus 21,448 households were selected for the 2015 ECGBVS.
The first sampling stage involved the selection of 1,000 enumeration areas (EAs) from a master sampling frame prepared by CAPMAS in January 2010 based on the 2006 Population Census, and updated in 2013. The 1000 EAs were divided into 45% to the urban areas and 55% to the rural areas. This yielded 448 EAs in the urban areas and 552 EAs in the rural areas. The EAs in the urban and rural areas were allocated to the urban and rural areas of all the governorates (except Frontier Governorates) in proportion to the number of the households in each governorate (urban and rural). Then the sample size of the small governorates (Port Said, Suez, Damietta, Ismailia, Luxor and Aswan) was increased to get more precise estimates.
In the second sampling stage, 22 households were systematically selected from each of EAs of the urban areas and 21 households from each of the EAs of the rural areas. The size of the cluster in the urban areas (22 households) was higher than that in the rural areas (21 households) to take into consideration that the response rate is lower in the urban compared to the rural areas as indicated from previous surveys. Thus 21,448 households were selected for the 2015 ECGBVS.
Response Rate
A total of 21,448 households were selected for the sample, of which 21,102 were found at the time of fieldwork. Of the households that were found, 20,535 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 97.3 percent. In these households, 20,157 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Out of these women, 20,000 were successfully interviewed, which represents a response rate of 99.2 percent. In view of the extreme sensitivity of the main topic of the survey (violence against women), this response rate is highly encouraging and appears to be the result of a well-coordinated team effort. As expected, response rates were lower in the urban areas (98.9) than in the rural areas (99.5).
Weighting
In order to obtain unbiased estimates from the survey data on violence against women, there was a need to develop appropriate weights, based on the selection probabilities. This is due to the fact that designing a sample by applying the method that was mentioned in the sampling procedure led to some changes in the weights of families in some small governorates where the increase of the sample size took place, thus violating to a certain extent the proportional allocation of the size. In addition, there was a discrepancy in response rates among different regions, and as such there was a need to use the weights when conducting any analysis, through the utilization of survey data, in order to ensure actual representation of the survey results at both the national and regional levels.
The sample of the economic cost violence survey is a Multi-Stage sample; hence calculation of the weights should consider the selection probabilities in each stage as follows:
1) First Stage: Selection of the primary sampling unit (PSU) from each governorate (Urban/Rural)
2) Second Stage: Selection of Household
3) Third Stage: Selection of an eligible woman from each household
Note: there are more details on the weights and sampling at the “The Economic Cost of Gender Based Violence Survey Egypt 2015” document in the documentation tab.
The sample of the economic cost violence survey is a Multi-Stage sample; hence calculation of the weights should consider the selection probabilities in each stage as follows:
1) First Stage: Selection of the primary sampling unit (PSU) from each governorate (Urban/Rural)
2) Second Stage: Selection of Household
3) Third Stage: Selection of an eligible woman from each household
Note: there are more details on the weights and sampling at the “The Economic Cost of Gender Based Violence Survey Egypt 2015” document in the documentation tab.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2015-04-11 | 2015-06-11 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics | CAPMAS |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The 2015 ECGBVS used two questionnaires: a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire (for eligible women). Two international experts in the area of GBV costing were especially engaged to develop the methodology of the ECGBVS and the inception of the questionnaire content.
The design of the questionnaires was based on the United Nations Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women (United Nations, 2013) and the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) tools that were adapted for measuring violence against women in Arab countries. Experience of other countries who conducted similar surveys also guided the design of the ECGBVS questionnaires, after adaptation to fit the cultural context of the Egyptian society. The questionnaires went through a further process of consultations to ensure their compatibility to the context that will be surveyed. The national advisory committee of the ECGBVS (formed of CAPMAS, NCW and UNFPA) led the consultations throughout the process of the development of the questionnaires together with local experts. A validation committee was formed of selected local experts from various sectors to endorse the final questionnaires.
The household questionnaire included questions on the age, sex, marital status and relationship to the household head (of each household member or visitor for one month or more). These questions served to identify the eligible women for the individual questionnaire, but are not included in the data. The household questionnaire collected information on housing characteristics (e.g. type of dwelling unit, the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water and the toilet facility) and on the ownership of a variety of consumer goods.
The individual questionnaire was conducted with women age 18-64, regardless of their marital status, who were usual residents or present in the household for a month or more before the interview. As mentioned above, only eligible women from each household were interviewed. The individual questionnaire collected information on the following topics: Characteristics of respondent and the district she lives in, Women’s employment and income, General and reproductive health, including traditional harmful practices, Violence perpetrated by husband/fiance , Violence perpetrated by family members/ persons in close relation and strangers within the surrounding environment, and Violence in public spaces.
The design of the questionnaires was based on the United Nations Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women (United Nations, 2013) and the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) tools that were adapted for measuring violence against women in Arab countries. Experience of other countries who conducted similar surveys also guided the design of the ECGBVS questionnaires, after adaptation to fit the cultural context of the Egyptian society. The questionnaires went through a further process of consultations to ensure their compatibility to the context that will be surveyed. The national advisory committee of the ECGBVS (formed of CAPMAS, NCW and UNFPA) led the consultations throughout the process of the development of the questionnaires together with local experts. A validation committee was formed of selected local experts from various sectors to endorse the final questionnaires.
The household questionnaire included questions on the age, sex, marital status and relationship to the household head (of each household member or visitor for one month or more). These questions served to identify the eligible women for the individual questionnaire, but are not included in the data. The household questionnaire collected information on housing characteristics (e.g. type of dwelling unit, the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water and the toilet facility) and on the ownership of a variety of consumer goods.
The individual questionnaire was conducted with women age 18-64, regardless of their marital status, who were usual residents or present in the household for a month or more before the interview. As mentioned above, only eligible women from each household were interviewed. The individual questionnaire collected information on the following topics: Characteristics of respondent and the district she lives in, Women’s employment and income, General and reproductive health, including traditional harmful practices, Violence perpetrated by husband/fiance , Violence perpetrated by family members/ persons in close relation and strangers within the surrounding environment, and Violence in public spaces.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro-data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement. The data will be used only for scholarly, research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
OAMDI, 2022.The Egypt Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence Survey, http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog. Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; Egypt-ECGBVS 2015- Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum has granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2022, Economic Research Forum | (c) 2015, CAPMAS, Egypt
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
Egypt_ECGBVS_2015_V1
Producers
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics | CAPMAS |
Date of Metadata Production
2022-04
DDI Document version
Version 1.0