Combined COVID 19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey, CCMMENT – Wave1_Wave2_Wave3
Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan, 2021
Economics Research Forum
Identification
Survey ID Number
CCMMENT-Wave1_Wave2_Wave3-V3.0
Title
Combined COVID 19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey, CCMMENT – Wave1_Wave2_Wave3
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Egypt | EGY |
| Morocco | MAR |
| Tunisia | TUN |
| Jordan | JOR |
Study type
COVID-19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey (ENT/ CMMENT)
Series Information
The COVID-19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey includes data set for integrated and harmonized data for Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt & Jordan, that integrates and harmonizes data and variables from up to 3 rounds across 2021. This data will include the base wave, the panel data that was collected in wave 2, and the panel data that was collected in wave 3. The panel series will be collected approximately each two months.
Abstract
To better understand the impact of the shock induced by the COVID-19 pandemic on micro and small enterprises and assess the policy responses in a rapidly changing context, reliable data is imperative, and the need to resort to a dynamic data collection tool at a time when countries in the region are in a state of flux cannot be overstated. The COVID-19 MENA Monitor Survey was led by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) to provide data for researchers and policy makers on the economic and labor market impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on enterprises.
The ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Survey is constructed using a series of short panel phone surveys, that are conducted approximately every two months, and it will cover business closure (temporary/permanent) due to lockdowns, ability to telework/deliver the service, disruptions to supply chains (for inputs and outputs), loss of product markets, increased cost of supplies, worker layoffs, salary adjustments, access to lines of credit and delays in transportation. Understanding the strategies of enterprises (particularly micro and small enterprises) to cope with the crisis is one of the main objectives of this survey. Specific constraints such as weak access to the internet in some areas or laws constraining goods' delivery will be analyzed. Enterprise owners will also be asked about prospects for the future, including ability to stay open, and whether they benefited from any measures to support their businesses.
The ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Survey is a wide-ranging, nationally representative panel survey. The baseline wave of this dataset was collected in February 2021 and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) and is featured as wave 1 for the enterprise data. In addition, this data includes the panel data that was collected in wave 2, and the panel data that was collected in wave 3. The panel series will be collected approximately each two months.
The harmonization was designed to create comparable data that can facilitate cross-country and comparative research between the Arab countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan). All the COVID-19 MENA Monitor surveys incorporate similar survey designs, with data on enterprises within the Arab countries.
The ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Survey is constructed using a series of short panel phone surveys, that are conducted approximately every two months, and it will cover business closure (temporary/permanent) due to lockdowns, ability to telework/deliver the service, disruptions to supply chains (for inputs and outputs), loss of product markets, increased cost of supplies, worker layoffs, salary adjustments, access to lines of credit and delays in transportation. Understanding the strategies of enterprises (particularly micro and small enterprises) to cope with the crisis is one of the main objectives of this survey. Specific constraints such as weak access to the internet in some areas or laws constraining goods' delivery will be analyzed. Enterprise owners will also be asked about prospects for the future, including ability to stay open, and whether they benefited from any measures to support their businesses.
The ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Survey is a wide-ranging, nationally representative panel survey. The baseline wave of this dataset was collected in February 2021 and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) and is featured as wave 1 for the enterprise data. In addition, this data includes the panel data that was collected in wave 2, and the panel data that was collected in wave 3. The panel series will be collected approximately each two months.
The harmonization was designed to create comparable data that can facilitate cross-country and comparative research between the Arab countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan). All the COVID-19 MENA Monitor surveys incorporate similar survey designs, with data on enterprises within the Arab countries.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Enterprises
Version
Version Description
V3.0: Version 3 of the COVID 19 MENA Monitor surveys prepared for public dissemination.
Production
Date
2021-10
Scope
Notes
The ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey includes a questionnaire that covers:
· business closure (temporary/permanent) due to lockdowns,
· ability to telework/deliver the service,
· disruptions to supply chains (for inputs and outputs),
· loss of product markets,
· increased cost of supplies,
· worker layoffs,
· salary adjustments,
· access to lines of credit and delays in transportation.
· understanding the strategies of enterprises (particularly micro and small enterprises) to cope with the crisis
· specific constraints such as access to the internet
· laws constraining goods' delivery
· enterprise owners will also be asked about prospects for the future, including ability to stay open, and whether they benefited from any measures to support their businesses
· business closure (temporary/permanent) due to lockdowns,
· ability to telework/deliver the service,
· disruptions to supply chains (for inputs and outputs),
· loss of product markets,
· increased cost of supplies,
· worker layoffs,
· salary adjustments,
· access to lines of credit and delays in transportation.
· understanding the strategies of enterprises (particularly micro and small enterprises) to cope with the crisis
· specific constraints such as access to the internet
· laws constraining goods' delivery
· enterprise owners will also be asked about prospects for the future, including ability to stay open, and whether they benefited from any measures to support their businesses
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Universe
The sample universe for the enterprise survey was enterprises that had 6-199 workers pre-COVID-19
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Economics Research Forum | ERF |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency | SIDA | Funding is provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), through the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa – ADWA Project. |
| International Labour Organization (ADWA Project, Cairo and Ethiopia Offices) | ILO | |
| Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development | AFESD | |
| Foreign, Commonwealth an Development Office | FCDO | |
| World Bank | WB |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample universe for the firm survey was firms that had 6-199 workers pre-COVID-19. Country-specific sample frames of firms were used. Stratified random samples were used (strata varied by country) to ensure adequate sample size in key strata. A target of 500 firms per country was set. The sampling strategy was incorporated into the weights.
Up to three attempts (five in Tunisia) were made to ensure response if a phone number was not picked up/answered, was disconnected or busy, or picked up but could not complete the interview at that time. After the third (or fifth) failed attempt, a firm was treated as a non-response and a random firm from the same stratum was used as an alternate.
Sampling frames
The sample frames varied by country as follows:
· Egypt: Yellow Pages
o Data on broad categories (e.g. gas stations)
o Coded into four strata: (1) services, (2) food & accommodation, (3) trade, manufacturing, and agriculture, (4) construction
o Restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
· Jordan: Kinz (a Jordanian corporate data mining website, which had a larger sample of firms than the Yellow Pages in Jordan).
o Data on broad categories (e.g. Industry, Marketing)
o Coded into five strata: (1) services, (2) food & accommodation, (3) trade and agriculture, (4) construction, (5) industry
o Initial frame restricted to firms with 5-250 workers. Further restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
· Morocco: Yellow Pages (no efficient digital copy available; a physical copy was used)
o Data organized geographically, not categorically
o Three geographic strata used: (1) Casa-Rabat, (2) North, (3) South
o The page ranges for the strata were provided. A random page within a stratum was selected, and then a random firm on that page (without replacement).
o The number of firms on the page was recorded and incorporated into the inverse probability weights.
o Restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
· Tunisia: National Institute of Statistics (INS) and Agency for the Promotion of Industry and Innovation (APII) databases
o Tunisia did not have a Yellow Pages or similar database, so administrative/statistics data sources had to be used
o The sample started with the INS frame with 1,238 firms with 6-200 wage employees
§ Firms were stratified into: (1) Agriculture (2) Industry (3) Construction (4) Trade (5) Accommodation (6) Service
§ Firms were also stratified by size in terms of 6-49 versus 50-200 employees
§ A random stratified sample (order) was selected
§ Further restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
§ This sample frame was eventually exhausted
o After the INS sample was exhausted, the APII sample was used
§ APII only covered firms with 10+ workers
§ APII only covered (1) services & transport, and (2) industry
o Weights are based on the underlying data on all firms from INS, specifically: Enterprises privées selon l'activité principale et la tranche de salariés (RNE 2019).
§ We ultimately stratify the Tunisia weights by industry and firms sized: 6-9 employees (since APII only covered 10+), 10-49, and 50-199 in wave one and combine 6-49 and in some cases 6-199 in subsequent waves.
Up to three attempts (five in Tunisia) were made to ensure response if a phone number was not picked up/answered, was disconnected or busy, or picked up but could not complete the interview at that time. After the third (or fifth) failed attempt, a firm was treated as a non-response and a random firm from the same stratum was used as an alternate.
Sampling frames
The sample frames varied by country as follows:
· Egypt: Yellow Pages
o Data on broad categories (e.g. gas stations)
o Coded into four strata: (1) services, (2) food & accommodation, (3) trade, manufacturing, and agriculture, (4) construction
o Restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
· Jordan: Kinz (a Jordanian corporate data mining website, which had a larger sample of firms than the Yellow Pages in Jordan).
o Data on broad categories (e.g. Industry, Marketing)
o Coded into five strata: (1) services, (2) food & accommodation, (3) trade and agriculture, (4) construction, (5) industry
o Initial frame restricted to firms with 5-250 workers. Further restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
· Morocco: Yellow Pages (no efficient digital copy available; a physical copy was used)
o Data organized geographically, not categorically
o Three geographic strata used: (1) Casa-Rabat, (2) North, (3) South
o The page ranges for the strata were provided. A random page within a stratum was selected, and then a random firm on that page (without replacement).
o The number of firms on the page was recorded and incorporated into the inverse probability weights.
o Restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
· Tunisia: National Institute of Statistics (INS) and Agency for the Promotion of Industry and Innovation (APII) databases
o Tunisia did not have a Yellow Pages or similar database, so administrative/statistics data sources had to be used
o The sample started with the INS frame with 1,238 firms with 6-200 wage employees
§ Firms were stratified into: (1) Agriculture (2) Industry (3) Construction (4) Trade (5) Accommodation (6) Service
§ Firms were also stratified by size in terms of 6-49 versus 50-200 employees
§ A random stratified sample (order) was selected
§ Further restricted to firms with 6-199 workers in February 2020 based on an eligibility question during the phone interview
§ This sample frame was eventually exhausted
o After the INS sample was exhausted, the APII sample was used
§ APII only covered firms with 10+ workers
§ APII only covered (1) services & transport, and (2) industry
o Weights are based on the underlying data on all firms from INS, specifically: Enterprises privées selon l'activité principale et la tranche de salariés (RNE 2019).
§ We ultimately stratify the Tunisia weights by industry and firms sized: 6-9 employees (since APII only covered 10+), 10-49, and 50-199 in wave one and combine 6-49 and in some cases 6-199 in subsequent waves.
Weighting
Inverse probability weighting was undertaken to account for the sampling strategy and non-response. In addition, We adjust the total number of enterprises in the sampling frame to account for the fact that not all enterprises were eligible.
Note: there are more details on the weights and sampling at the “COVID-19 MENA monitor enterprise weights” document in the documentation tab.
Note: there are more details on the weights and sampling at the “COVID-19 MENA monitor enterprise weights” document in the documentation tab.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-02 | 2021-03 | For Egypt (Wave 1) |
| 2021-06 | 2021-07 | For Egypt (Wave 2) |
| 2021-02 | 2021-03 | For Morocco (Wave 1) |
| 2021-06 | 2021-07 | For Morocco (Wave 2) |
| 2021-08 | 2021-09 | For Morocco (Wave 3) |
| 2021-01 | 2021-04 | For Tunisia (Wave 1) |
| 2021-06 | 2021-07 | For Tunisia (Wave 2) |
| 2021-08 | 2021-09 | For Tunisia (Wave 3) |
| 2021-02 | 2021-03 | For Jordan (Wave 1) |
| 2021-05 | 2021-06 | For Jordan (Wave 2) |
| 2021-08 | 2021-09 | For Jordan (Wave 3) |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
Data Collection Notes
ERF seeks IRB (Institutional Research Board) approval for all its data collection exercises to ensure the protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects participating in the research project. All interviews are conditioned upon receiving informed consent (which spells out the respondent's rights) from respondents.
Data are collected through three bi-monthly waves of phone surveys covering at least 500 unique enterprises in each wave.
Data are collected through three bi-monthly waves of phone surveys covering at least 500 unique enterprises in each wave.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| PHI Field & Tab | PHI |
| Institut Arabe des Chefs d'Entreprises | IACE |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The enterprise questionnaire is carried out to understand the strategies of enterprises -particularly micro and small enterprises- to cope with the crisis as well as related constraints and prospects for the future. It includes questions on business closure (temporary/permanent) due to lockdowns, ability to telework/deliver the service, disruptions to supply chains (for inputs and outputs), loss of product markets, increased cost of supplies, worker layoffs, salary adjustments, access to lines of credit and delays in transportation.
Note: The questionnaire can be seen in the documentation materials tab.
Note: The questionnaire can be seen in the documentation materials tab.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | (ERF) | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro-data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement. The data will be used only for scholarly, research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum as follows:
"OAMDI, 2021. COVID-19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey (CCMMENT), http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog. Version 3.0 of the licensed data files; CCMMENT Wave1_Wave2_Wave3. Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).”
"OAMDI, 2021. COVID-19 MENA Monitor Enterprise Survey (CCMMENT), http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog. Version 3.0 of the licensed data files; CCMMENT Wave1_Wave2_Wave3. Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).”
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum has granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2021, Economic Research Forum
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
CCMMENT_ Wave1_Wave2_Wave3_V3.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF |
Date of Metadata Production
2021-10
DDI Document version
Version 3.0